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Snakes can move through almost any terrain. Although their locomotion on flat surfaces using planar gaits is inherently stable, when snakes deform their body out of plane to traverse complex terrain, maintaining stability becomes a…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 Qiyuan Fu , Chen Li

Snakes can traverse almost all types of environments by bending their elongate bodies in 3-D to interact with the terrain. Similarly, a snake robot is a promising platform to perform critical tasks in various environments. Understanding how…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-02-23 Qiyuan Fu

Along with the advancement of robot skin technology, there has been notable progress in the development of snake robots featuring body-surface tactile perception. In this study, we proposed a locomotion control framework for snake robots…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Shuo Jiang , Adarsh Salagame , Alireza Ramezani , Lawson Wong

Snakes can move through almost any terrain. Similarly, snake robots hold the promise as a versatile platform to traverse complex environments like earthquake rubble. Unlike snake locomotion on flat surfaces which is inherently stable, when…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Qiyuan Fu , Sean W. Gart , Thomas W. Mitchel , Jin Seob Kim , Gregory S. Chirikjian , Chen Li

Studying snake robot locomotion in a cluttered environment has been a complicated task because the motion model is discontinuous due to the physical contact with obstacles, and the contact force cannot be determined solely by contact…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-05-17 Akash Singh , Chaohui Gong , Howie Choset

Snakes can bend their elongate bodies in various forms to traverse various environments. We understand how snakes use lateral bending to push against asperities on flat ground for propulsion, and snake robots can do so effectively. However,…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-09-26 Qiyuan Fu , Chen Li

Snake robots offer exceptional mobility across extreme terrain inaccessible to conventional rovers, yet their highly articulated bodies present fundamental challenges for autonomous navigation in environments lacking external tracking…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Mohammed Irfan Ali

Classical snake robot control leverages mimicking snake-like gaits tuned for specific environments. However, to operate adaptively in unstructured environments, gait generation must be dynamically scheduled. In this work, we present a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Shuo Jiang , Adarsh Salagame , Alireza Ramezani , Lawson Wong

Exploring and navigating in extreme environments, such as caves, oceans, and planetary bodies, are often too hazardous for humans, and as such, robots are possible surrogates. These robots are met with significant locomotion challenges that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Florian Richter , Peter V. Gavrilov , Hoi Man Lam , Amir Degani , Michael C. Yip

Limbless terrestrial animals exhibit exceptional locomotor versatility and control, currently unmatched by engineered counterparts. Here, we introduce a computational framework that enables soft synthetic snakes to navigate unstructured,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Xiaotian Zhang , Ali Albazroun , Tixian Wang , Songyuan Cui , Prashant G. Mehta , Mattia Gazzola

Despite advances in a diversity of environments, snake robots are still far behind snakes in traversing complex 3-D terrain with large obstacles. This is due to a lack of understanding of how to control 3-D body bending to push against…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Divya Ramesh , Qiyuan Fu , Chen Li

Contact-rich problems, such as snake robot locomotion, offer unexplored yet rich opportunities for optimization-based trajectory and acyclic contact planning. So far, a substantial body of control research has focused on emulating snake…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Adarsh Salagame , Eric Sihite , Alireza Ramezani

Mobile robots are used in various fields, from deliveries to search and rescue applications. Different types of sensors are mounted on the robot to provide accurate navigation and, thus, allow successful completion of its task. In…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Aviad Etzion , Nadav Cohen , Orzion Levy , Zeev Yampolsky , Itzik Klein

Sidewinding, a locomotion strategy characterized by the coordination of lateral and vertical body undulations, is frequently observed in rattlesnakes and has been successfully reconstructed by limbless robotic systems for effective movement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Velin Kojouharov , Tianyu Wang , Matthew Fernandez , Jiyeon Maeng , Daniel I. Goldman

Snake robots have been studied for decades with the aim of achieving biological snakes' fluent locomotion. Yet, as of today, their locomotion remains far from that of the biological snakes. Our recent study suggested that snake locomotion…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Seongil Kwon , Serdar Incekara , Gangil Kwon , Junhyoung Ha

Rectilinear forms of snake-like robotic locomotion are anticipated to be an advantage in obstacle-strewn scenarios characterizing urban disaster zones, subterranean collapses, and other natural environments. The elongated, laterally-narrow…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Alexander H. Chang , Shiyu Feng , Yipu Zhao , Justin S. Smith , Patricio A. Vela

Ground robots require the crucial capability of traversing unstructured and unprepared terrains and avoiding obstacles to complete tasks in real-world robotics applications such as disaster response. When a robot operates in off-road field…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Sriram Siva , Maggie Wigness , John G. Rogers , Long Quang , Hao Zhang

We examine the problem of snake-like locomotion by studying a system consisting of a planar inextensible elastic rod that is able to control its spontaneous curvature. Using a Cosserat model we derive, through variational principles, the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-02-02 Giancarlo Cicconofri , Antonio DeSimone

Snake robots, comprised of sequentially connected joint actuators, have recently gained increasing attention in the industrial field, like life detection in narrow space. Such robots can navigate through the complex environment via the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Yilang Liu , Amir Barati Farimani

This paper represents an adaptive rhythmic control for a snake-like robot with 25 degrees of freedom. The adaptive gait control is implemented in algorithmic way in simulation and on a real robot. We investigated behavioral and energetic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2011-09-01 Eugen Meister , Sergej Stepanenko , Serge Kernbach
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