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This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of broadband liquid crystal (LC) reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) operating around 60 GHz and scaling up to 750 radiating elements. The RISs employ a delay line…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-19 Julia Schwarzbeck , Robin Neuder , Marc Späth , Alejandro Jiménez-Sáez

Research on reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) has predominantly focused on purely physical (PHY)-layer aspects, particularly, on how signals are dynamically shaped by a controllable wireless propagation environment. However,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-03 Fabio Saggese , Victor Croisfelt , Kyriakos Stylianopoulos , George C. Alexandropoulos , Petar Popovski

Stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) is an emerging design that consists of multiple layers of metasurfaces. A SIM enables holographic multiple-input multiple-output (HMIMO) precoding in the wave domain, which results in the reduction of…

Challenging environments comprise a range of scenarios, which share the fact that it is extremely difficult to establish a communication link using conventional technology due to many impairments typically associated with the propagation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-23 Steven Kisseleff , Symeon Chatzinotas , Björn Ottersten

Curved reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) represent a promising frontier for next-generation wireless communication, enabling adaptive wavefront control on nonplanar platforms such as unmanned aerial vehicles and urban…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-02 Filippo Pepe , Ivan Iudice , Giuseppe Castaldi , Marco Di Renzo , Vincenzo Galdi

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have promising coverage and data rate gains for wireless communication systems in 5G and beyond. Prior work has mainly focused on analyzing the performance of these surfaces using computer…

When beamforming is applied at the transmitter, only part of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) will be active, and it becomes indispensable to study the impact of RIS geometry. This letter aims at evaluating RIS geometry, ranging…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-28 Zhuangzhuang Cui , Sofie Pollin

This paper addresses the hardware structure of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) and presents a comprehensive overview of RIS design, considering both unit design and prototype systems. It commences by tracing the evolutionary…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-26 Rujing Xiong , Jianan Zhang , Fuhai Wang , Zhengyu Wang , Xiang Ren , Junshuo Liu , Jialong Lu , Kai Wan , Tiebin Mi , Robert Caiming Qiu

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are considered to be a key enabler of highly energy-efficient 6G and beyond networks. This property arises from the absence of power amplifiers in the structure, in contrast to active nodes, such…

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) have been proposed as a revolutionary technology with the potential to address several critical requirements of 6G communication systems. Despite its powerful ability for radio environment…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-09 Yun Yang , Zhiping Lu , Ming Li , Rang Liu , Qian Liu

Both passive and active intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) can be deployed in complex environments to enhance wireless network coverage by creating multiple blockage-free cascaded line-of-sight (LoS) links. In this paper, we study a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-22 Min Fu , Weidong Mei , Rui Zhang

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) have emerged as a transformative technology capable of reshaping wireless environments through dynamic manipulation of electromagnetic waves. While extensive research has explored their theoretical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Ziyu Chen , Yitong Shen , Jingzhe Zhang , Yao Zheng , Yili Ren , Xuyu Wang , Shiwen Mao , Hanqing Guo

An accurate and simple analytical model for the computation of the reflection amplitude and phase of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces is presented. The model is based on a transmission-line circuit representation of the RIS which takes…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-16 Filippo Costa , Michele Borgese

In this paper, we study two novel massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmitter architectures for millimeter wave (mmWave) communications which comprise few active antennas, each equipped with a dedicated radio frequency (RF)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Vahid Jamali , Antonia M. Tulino , Georg Fischer , Ralf Müller , Robert Schober

The operation of an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) under predictable receiver mobility is investigated. We develop a continuous time system model for multipath channels and discuss the optimal IRS configuration with respect to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Bho Matthiesen , Emil Björnson , Elisabeth De Carvalho , Petar Popovski

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), which consists of a large number of passive and low-cost reflecting elements, has been recognized as a revolutionary technology to enhance the performance of future wireless networks. This paper…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-25 Linsong Du , Shihai Shao Gang Yang , Jianhui Ma , Qinpeng Liang , Youxi Tang

Reconfigurable intelligent surface has attracted the attention of academia and industry as soon as it appears because it can flexibly manipulate the electromagnetic characteristics of wireless channel. Especially in the past one or two…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Yajun Zhao , Mengnan Jian

While numerous experimental studies have demonstrated the feasibility of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology, most have primarily focused on extending coverage. In contrast, this paper presents an experimental evaluation of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Feng-Ji Chen , Chao-Kai Wen , De-Ming Chian

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) is a promising solution to reconfigure the wireless environment in a controllable way. To compensate for the double-fading attenuation in the RIS-aided link, a large number of passive reflecting…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Ruizhe Long , Ying-Chang Liang , Yiyang Pei , Erik G. Larsson

A novel simultaneously transmitting and reflecting (STAR) system design relying on reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) is conceived. First, an existing prototype is reviewed and the potential benefits of STAR-RISs are discussed.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Yuanwei Liu , Xidong Mu , Jiaqi Xu , Robert Schober , Yang Hao , H. Vincent Poor , Lajos Hanzo