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This paper presents a framework for semi-automatic transcription of large-scale historical handwritten documents and proposes a simple user-friendly text extractor tool, TexT for transcription. The proposed approach provides a quick and…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2018-02-22 Anders Hast , Per Cullhed , Ekta Vats

Crowdsourcing platforms are often used to collect datasets for training machine learning models, despite higher levels of inaccurate labeling compared to expert labeling. There are two common strategies to manage the impact of such noise.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Derek Chen , Zhou Yu , Samuel R. Bowman

Annotated datasets are an essential ingredient to train, evaluate, compare and productionalize supervised machine learning models. It is therefore imperative that annotations are of high quality. For their creation, good quality management…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Jan-Christoph Klie , Juan Haladjian , Marc Kirchner , Rahul Nair

Many different tagsets are used in existing corpora; these tagsets vary according to the objectives of specific projects (which may be as far apart as robust parsing vs. spelling correction). In many situations, however, one would like to…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Simone Teufel

This paper explores using GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 to automate the data annotation process with automatic prompting techniques. The main aim of this paper is to reuse human annotation guidelines along with some annotated data to design automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Sachin Yadav , Tejaswi Choppa , Dominik Schlechtweg

The primary objective of document annotation in whatever form, manual or electronic is to allow those who may not have control to original document to provide personal view on information source. Beyond providing personal assessment to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Charles A. Robert

It is necessary to gather real refactoring instances while conducting empirical studies on refactoring. However, existing refactoring detection approaches are insufficient in terms of their accuracy and coverage. Reducing the manual effort…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Ryo Kuramoto , Motoshi Saeki , Shinpei Hayashi

Since state-of-the-art approaches to offensive language detection rely on supervised learning, it is crucial to quickly adapt them to the continuously evolving scenario of social media. While several approaches have been proposed to tackle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Elisa Leonardelli , Stefano Menini , Alessio Palmero Aprosio , Marco Guerini , Sara Tonelli

Recent research has explored methods for updating and modifying factual knowledge in large language models, often focusing on specific multi-layer perceptron blocks. This study expands on this work by examining the effectiveness of existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Daniel Tamayo , Aitor Gonzalez-Agirre , Javier Hernando , Marta Villegas

The quantification of audio aesthetics remains a complex challenge in audio processing, primarily due to its subjective nature, which is influenced by human perception and cultural context. Traditional methods often depend on human…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in empirical software engineering (ESE) to automate or assist annotation tasks such as labeling commits, issues, and qualitative artifacts. Yet the reliability and reproducibility of such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Mia Mohammad Imran , Tarannum Shaila Zaman

Accurate ground truth estimation in medical screening programs often relies on coalitions of experts and peer second opinions. Algorithms that efficiently aggregate noisy annotations can enhance screening workflows, particularly when data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Tim Bary , Tiffanie Godelaine , Axel Abels , Benoît Macq

Obtaining annotations for complex computer vision tasks such as object detection is an expensive and time-intense endeavor involving a large number of human workers or expert opinions. Reducing the amount of annotations required while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Marius Schubert , Tobias Riedlinger , Karsten Kahl , Matthias Rottmann

Studies in Referring Expression Generation (REG) often make use of corpora of definite descriptions produced by human subjects in controlled experiments. Experiments of this kind, which are essential for the study of reference phenomena and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-27 Danillo da Silva Rocha , Alex Gwo Jen Lan , Ivandre Paraboni

Large Language Models have recently been applied to text annotation tasks from social sciences, equalling or surpassing the performance of human workers at a fraction of the cost. However, no inquiry has yet been made on the impact of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Louis Abraham , Charles Arnal , Antoine Marie

Linguistic bias in online news and social media is widespread but difficult to measure. Yet, its identification and quantification remain difficult due to subjectivity, context dependence, and the scarcity of high-quality gold-label…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Fabian Haak , Philipp Schaer

As Large Language Model (LLM) capabilities advance, the demand for high-quality annotation of exponentially increasing text corpora has outpaced human capacity, leading to the widespread adoption of LLMs in automatic evaluation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Jiayu Wang , Junyoung Lee

One of the primary obstacles in the advancement of Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies for low-resource languages is the lack of annotated datasets for training and testing machine learning models. In this paper, we present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Hrishikesh Terdalkar , Arnab Bhattacharya

In this paper, we introduce a new WordNet based similarity metric, SenSim, which incorporates sentiment content (i.e., degree of positive or negative sentiment) of the words being compared to measure the similarity between them. The…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2012-09-19 A. R. Balamurali , Subhabrata Mukherjee , Akshat Malu , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Labeling visual data is expensive and time-consuming. Crowdsourcing systems promise to enable highly parallelizable annotations through the participation of monetarily or otherwise motivated workers, but even this approach has its limits.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Christopher Klugmann , Rafid Mahmood , Guruprasad Hegde , Amit Kale , Daniel Kondermann