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We give a classification of all possible $2$-adic images of Galois representations associated to elliptic curves over $\mathbb{Q}$. To this end, we compute the 'arithmetically maximal' tower of 2-power level modular curves, develop…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-01-22 Jeremy Rouse , David Zureick-Brown

This paper has a double goal, the first one is to make a slight survey of some theoretical results about the existence of positively invariant curves that allow to describe important properties of the set of bounded orbits and its boundary…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-05-31 Neptalí Romero , Jesús Silva , Ramón Vivas

We apply some basic notions from combinatorial topology to establish various algebraic properties of edge ideals of graphs and more general Stanley-Reisner rings. In this way we provide new short proofs of some theorems from the literature…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-10-23 Anton Dochtermann , Alexander Engstrom

We study the topos of sets equipped with an action of the monoid of regular $2 \times 2$ matrices over the integers. In particular, we show that the topos-theoretic points are given by the double quotient $\left. GL_2(\hat{\mathbb{Z}})…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-08-07 Jens Hemelaer

In 2012 we announced the House of Graphs (https://houseofgraphs.org) [Discrete Appl. Math. 161 (2013), 311-314], which was a new database of graphs. The House of Graphs hosts complete lists of graphs of various graph classes, but its main…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-01 Kris Coolsaet , Sven D'hondt , Jan Goedgebeur

As a topic of mathematics, "arrangements", systems of hyperplanes, circles, and general (regular) submanifolds, attract us strongly. We present a natural elementary study of arrangements of circles. It is also a kind of new studies. Our…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-01-22 Naoki Kitazawa

We motivate and explain the system introduced by Conway and Sloane for working with quadratic forms over the 2-adic integers, and prove its validity. Their system is far better for actual calculations than earlier methods, and has been used…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-05-06 Daniel Allcock , Itamar Gal , Alice Mark

Bases, mappings, projections and metrics, natural for Neural network training, are introduced. Graph-theoretical interpretation is offered. Non-Gaussianity naturally emerges, even in relatively simple datasets. Training statistics,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-19 Galin Georgiev

This paper first gives a brief overview over some interesting descriptions of conic sections, showing formulations in the three geometric algebras of Euclidean spaces, projective spaces, and the conformal model of Euclidean space. Second…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2013-06-06 Eckhard Hitzer

We generalized several results for the arithmetic dynamics of monomial maps, including Silverman's conjectures on height growth, dynamical Mordell-Lang conjecture, and dynamical Manin-Mumford conjecture. These results are originally known…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-04-11 Jan-Li Lin

An incremental approach for computation of convex hull for data points in two-dimensions is presented. The algorithm is not output-sensitive and costs a time that is linear in the size of data points at input. Graham's scan is applied only…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Debashis Mukherjee

We develop Conley's theory for multivalued maps on finite topological spaces. More precisely, for discrete-time dynamical systems generated by the iteration of a multivalued map which satisfies appropriate regularity conditions, we…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-04-25 Jonathan Barmak , Marian Mrozek , Thomas Wanner

This is a short exposition--mostly by way of the toy models ``double logarithm'' and ``triple logarithm''--which should serve as an introduction to a forthcoming article in which we establish a connection between multiple polylogarithms,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Herbert Gangl , Alexander B. Goncharov , Andrey Levin

We construct an associative algebra with a decomposition into the direct sum of the underlying vector spaces of another associative algebra and its dual space such that both of them are subalgebras and the natural symmetric bilinear form is…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-09-06 Chengming Bai

Several recent papers have explored families of rational polyhedra whose integer points are in bijection with certain families of numerical semigroups. One such family, first introduced by Kunz, has integer points in bijection with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-31 Nathan Kaplan , Christopher O'Neill

Based on the theory of Fermat reals we introduce new topologies on spaces of Colombeau generalized points and derive some of their fundamental properties. In particular, we obtain metric topologies on the space of near-standard generalized…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2012-01-19 Paolo Giordano , Michael Kunzinger

In the present paper, we derive formulas of complex and $\ell$-adic multiple polylogarithms, which have two aspects: a duality in terms of indexes and a reflection in terms of variables. We provide an algebraic proof of these formulas by…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-01-15 Densuke Shiraishi

Beginning with the projectively invariant method for linear programming, interior point methods have led to powerful algorithms for many difficult computing problems, in combinatorial optimization, logic, number theory and non-convex…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2014-12-11 Narendra Karmarkar

A Belyi map $\beta: \mathbb{P}^1(\mathbb{C}) \to \mathbb{P}^1(\mathbb{C})$ is a rational function with at most three critical values; we may assume these values are $\{ 0, \, 1, \, \infty \}$. Replacing $\mathbb{P}^1$ with an elliptic curve…

The method of application of areas as presented in Euclid's Elements, is employed to generate the three conics as the loci of points with Cartesian coordinates satisfying quadratic equations with coefficients defined by the initial settings…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2012-10-30 Dimitris Sardelis , Theodoros Valahas