Related papers: Electric charge quantization in 331 Models with ex…
Since the electric charge in the standard model is theoretically not quantized, we may have a variant of it, called dark charge. Similar to the electric charge, the dark charge neither commutes nor closes algebraically with $SU(2)_L$. The…
In the context of 331 models we analyze the phenomenology of exotic $T$ quarks with electric charge 2/3. We establish bounds for the corresponding masses and mixing angles and study the decay modes $T\to bW$, $tZ$ and $qH$. It is found that…
The work is a brief review of the theory based on the $SU(3)_c \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes U(1)_X$ gauge group in the presence of Heavy Leptons. Recent analysis have established a set of four possible variants for the 3-3-1HL, whose content…
After proving, in a previous paper, that the electric charge quantization occurs as a natural consequence in renormalizable $SU(3)_c \otimes SU(n)_{L} \otimes U(1)_{Y}$ gauge models, we take here a step further within the same paradigm in…
In this work, we present an explanation of the electric charge quantization based on a semi-classical model of electrostatic fields. We claim that in electrostatics, an electric charge must be equal to a rational multiple of the elementary…
We explore the recently proposed gauge symmetry \( SU(3)_C \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes SU(3)_R \otimes U(1)_X \), which naturally embeds both the Left-Right symmetric model and the 3-3-1 model as subgroups. Within this unified framework, we…
I study the scalar representations of the electroweak group of the Standard Model, with a special emphasis on their chiral properties and on their behaviour by the discrete symmetries P and CP. A gauge theory for J=0 mesons naturally…
We discuss the most relevant features of a BSM model with extra gauge symmetry, the so called 331 model. The gauge group is $SU(3)_c\times SU(3)_L \times U(1)_X$ impling the presence of extra gauge bosons, both charged and neutral, as well…
A new flipped $SU(3)_C\otimes SU(4)_L\otimes U(1)_X$ model without exotic electric charges is proposed. All the quarks families are arranged in the same representation while leptons generations are in different representations leading to a…
Starting from a weak gauge principle we give a new and critical revision of the argument leading to charge quantization on arbitrary spacetimes. The main differences of our approach with respect to previous works appear on spacetimes with…
For the particular class of \textbf{$SU(4)_{L}\otimes U(1)_{Y}$} electro-weak models without exotic electric charges, some plausible phenomenological predictions - such as the boson mass spectrum and charges of all the fermions involved…
We examine extensions of the Standard Model (SM), basing our assumptions on what has already been observed; we don't consider anything fundamentally different, such as grand unification or supersymmetry, which is not directly suggested by…
The electric charge renormalization constant, as defined in the Thomson limit, is expressed in terms of self-energies of the photon-Z-boson system in an arbitrary R_\xi-gauge to all perturbative orders. The derivation as carried out in the…
We investigate charge quantization in the Standard Model (SM) through a $\mathbb{CP}^2$ nonlinear sigma model (NLSM), $SU(3)_G/(SU(2)_H \times U(1)_H)$, and a $\mathbb{CP}^3$ model, $SU(4)_G/(SU(3)_H \times U(1)_H)$. We also generalize to…
The three-dimensional complexified exteriour bundle $C \otimes \Lambda(R^3)$ is proposed as a geometric interpretation of electroweak doublets of Dirac fermions. The Dirac equation on this bundle allows a staggered discretization on a…
We present a phenomenological study of neutral gauge bosons and fermions in an extended Standard model with SU(3)C x SU(4)L x U(1)X gauge symmetry.The model includes gauge bosons and fermions without exotic charges and is distinguished by…
It is well-known that the charge of fermion is 0 or $\pm1$ in the U(1) gauge theory on noncommutative spacetime. Since the deviation from the standard model in particle physics has not yet observed, and so there may be no room to…
It now appears phenomenologically that the third family of fundamental fermions may be essentially different fron the first two. Particularly the high value (174GeV?) of the top quark mass suggests a special role. In the standard model all…
A phenomenological analysis of the three-family model based on the local gauge group $SU(3)_c\otimes SU(3)_L\otimes U(1)_X$ with exotic charged leptons, is carried out. Instead of using the minimal scalar sector able to break the symmetry…
The weak currents with respect to the diagonal neutral bosons $Z$,$Z^{\prime}$, and $Z^{\prime\prime}$ of a specific \textbf{$SU(4)_{L}\otimes U(1)_{Y}$} gauge model are computed in detail for all the fermion families involved therein. Our…