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This paper presents the Neural Cache architecture, which re-purposes cache structures to transform them into massively parallel compute units capable of running inferences for Deep Neural Networks. Techniques to do in-situ arithmetic in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-11 Charles Eckert , Xiaowei Wang , Jingcheng Wang , Arun Subramaniyan , Ravi Iyer , Dennis Sylvester , David Blaauw , Reetuparna Das

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated their great potential in recent years, exceeding the per-formance of human experts in a wide range of applications. Due to their large sizes, however, compressiontechniques such as weight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Wentao Chen , Hailong Qiu , Jian Zhuang , Chutong Zhang , Yu Hu , Qing Lu , Tianchen Wang , Yiyu Shi , Meiping Huang , Xiaowe Xu

Convolutional neural network (CNN) has been widely used for vision-based tasks. Due to the high computational complexity and memory storage requirement, it is hard to directly deploy a full-precision CNN on embedded devices. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Yixing Li , Fengbo Ren

Batch Normalization (BN) has been proven to be quite effective at accelerating and improving the training of deep neural networks (DNNs). However, BN brings additional computation, consumes more memory and generally slows down the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Shuang Wu , Guoqi Li , Lei Deng , Liu Liu , Yuan Xie , Luping Shi

Neural network quantization has an inherent problem called accumulated quantization error, which is the key obstacle towards ultra-low precision, e.g., 2- or 3-bit precision. To resolve this problem, we propose precision highway, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Eunhyeok Park , Dongyoung Kim , Sungjoo Yoo , Peter Vajda

Neural networks have established as a generic and powerful means to approach challenging problems such as image classification, object detection or decision making. Their successful employment foots on an enormous demand of compute. The…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Thomas B. Preußer , Giulio Gambardella , Nicholas Fraser , Michaela Blott

Batch normalization (BN) is a technique to normalize activations in intermediate layers of deep neural networks. Its tendency to improve accuracy and speed up training have established BN as a favorite technique in deep learning. Yet,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Johan Bjorck , Carla Gomes , Bart Selman , Kilian Q. Weinberger

This work presents CascadeCNN, an automated toolflow that pushes the quantisation limits of any given CNN model, aiming to perform high-throughput inference. A two-stage architecture tailored for any given CNN-FPGA pair is generated,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-16 Alexandros Kouris , Stylianos I. Venieris , Christos-Savvas Bouganis

Based on the model's resilience to computational noise, model quantization is important for compressing models and improving computing speed. Existing quantization techniques rely heavily on experience and "fine-tuning" skills. In the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Daning Cheng , Wenguang Chen

Uniform-precision neural network quantization has gained popularity since it simplifies densely packed arithmetic unit for high computing capability. However, it ignores heterogeneous sensitivity to the impact of quantization errors across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Seongmin Park , Beomseok Kwon , Jieun Lim , Kyuyoung Sim , Tae-Ho Kim , Jungwook Choi

Quantized neural networks are well known for reducing the latency, power consumption, and model size without significant harm to the performance. This makes them highly appropriate for systems with limited resources and low power capacity.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Moshe Kimhi , Tal Rozen , Avi Mendelson , Chaim Baskin

Quantization enables efficient acceleration of deep neural networks by reducing model memory footprint and exploiting low-cost integer math hardware units. Quantization maps floating-point weights and activations in a trained model to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Steve Dai , Rangharajan Venkatesan , Haoxing Ren , Brian Zimmer , William J. Dally , Brucek Khailany

Currently, deep neural networks are deployed on low-power portable devices by first training a full-precision model using powerful hardware, and then deriving a corresponding low-precision model for efficient inference on such systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Hao Li , Soham De , Zheng Xu , Christoph Studer , Hanan Samet , Tom Goldstein

To build light-weight network, we propose a new normalization, Fine-grained Batch Normalization (FBN). Different from Batch Normalization (BN), which normalizes the final summation of the weighted inputs, FBN normalizes the intermediate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Chunjie Luo , Jianfeng Zhan , Lei Wang , Wanling Gao

Batch Normalization (BN) has become a core design block of modern Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). A typical modern CNN has a large number of BN layers in its lean and deep architecture. BN requires mean and variance calculations over…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-04 Wonkyung Jung , Daejin Jung , and Byeongho Kim , Sunjung Lee , Wonjong Rhee , Jung Ho Ahn

Neural networks commonly execute on hardware accelerators such as NPUs and GPUs for their size and computation overhead. These accelerators are costly and it is hard to scale their resources to handle real-time workload fluctuations. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Jaemin Kim , Hongjun Um , Sungkyun Kim , Yongjun Park , Jiwon Seo

Deep networks run with low precision operations at inference time offer power and space advantages over high precision alternatives, but need to overcome the challenge of maintaining high accuracy as precision decreases. Here, we present a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Steven K. Esser , Jeffrey L. McKinstry , Deepika Bablani , Rathinakumar Appuswamy , Dharmendra S. Modha

With the development of hardware-optimized deployment of spiking neural networks (SNNs), SNN processors based on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have become a research hotspot due to their efficiency and flexibility. However,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Hou Yue , Xiang Shuiying , Zou Tao , Huang Zhiquan , Shi Shangxuan , Guo Xingxing , Zhang Yahui , Zheng Ling , Hao Yue

Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have demonstrated impressive performance in various computer vision tasks. However, high performance hardware is typically indispensable for the application of CNN models due to the high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-05-17 Jiaxiang Wu , Cong Leng , Yuhang Wang , Qinghao Hu , Jian Cheng

Lately, post-training quantization methods have gained considerable attention, as they are simple to use, and require only a small unlabeled calibration set. This small dataset cannot be used to fine-tune the model without significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Itay Hubara , Yury Nahshan , Yair Hanani , Ron Banner , Daniel Soudry