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A central challenge in building continually improving agents is that training environments are typically static or manually constructed. This restricts continual learning and generalization beyond the training distribution. We address this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Alkis Sygkounas , Rishi Hazra , Andreas Persson , Pedro Zuidberg Dos Martires , Amy Loutfi

We study the problem of repeated play in a zero-sum game in which the payoff matrix may change, in a possibly adversarial fashion, on each round; we call these Online Matrix Games. Finding the Nash Equilibrium (NE) of a two player zero-sum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Adrian Rivera Cardoso , Jacob Abernethy , He Wang , Huan Xu

Multiplayer games with selfish agents naturally occur in the design of distributed and embedded systems. As the goals of selfish agents are usually neither equivalent nor antagonistic to each other, such games are non zero-sum games. We…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-12-19 Thomas Brihaye , Julie De Pril , Sven Schewe

Collaboration is an integral part of human dialogue. Typical task-oriented dialogue games assign asymmetric roles to the participants, which limits their ability to elicit naturalistic role-taking in collaboration and its negotiation. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Isidora Jeknić , David Schlangen , Alexander Koller

Self-play, a learning paradigm where agents iteratively refine their policies by interacting with historical or concurrent versions of themselves or other evolving agents, has shown remarkable success in solving complex non-cooperative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ruize Zhang , Zelai Xu , Chengdong Ma , Chao Yu , Wei-Wei Tu , Wenhao Tang , Shiyu Huang , Deheng Ye , Wenbo Ding , Yaodong Yang , Yu Wang

We provide a complete characterization for uniqueness of equilibria in unconstrained polymatrix games. We show that while uniqueness is natural for coordination and general polymatrix games, zero-sum games require that the dimension of the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-23 James P. Bailey

In this paper, we investigate a competitive market involving two agents who consider both their own wealth and the wealth gap with their opponent. Both agents can invest in a financial market consisting of a risk-free asset and a risky…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-10 Junyi Guo , Xia Han , Hao Wang , Kam Chuen Yuen

To verify the robustness of a program or protocol, it is common in the computer science community to rely on the theoretical framework of game theory. In particular, if one seeks to enforce a desired property, or specification, despite an…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Léonard Brice

Situations of conflict giving rise to social dilemmas are widespread in society and game theory is one major way in which they can be investigated. Starting from the observation that individuals in society interact through networks of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-11-24 Enea Pestelacci , Marco Tomassini , Leslie Luthi

In this paper we study team-symmetric games with $m\ge 2$ teams. Players within a team have symmetric identity and have a common payoff function. We show that team-symmetric games always have a team-symmetric Nash equilibrium. We develop…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Duan-Shin Lee , Yu-Hsiu Hung

Multiagent learning settings are inherently more difficult than single-agent learning because each agent interacts with other simultaneously learning agents in a shared environment. An effective approach in multiagent reinforcement learning…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Dong-Ki Kim , Matthew Riemer , Miao Liu , Jakob N. Foerster , Gerald Tesauro , Jonathan P. How

This paper considers convex games involving multiple agents that aim to minimize their own cost functions using locally available information. A common assumption in the study of such games is that the agents are symmetric, meaning that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-25 Zifan Wang , Xinlei Yi , Yi Shen , Michael M. Zavlanos , Karl H. Johansson

In this work, we study the interaction of strategic agents in continuous action Cournot games with limited information feedback. Cournot game is the essential market model for many socio-economic systems where agents learn and compete…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-09-15 Yuanyuan Shi , Baosen Zhang

This paper considers the problem of inverse reinforcement learning in zero-sum stochastic games when expert demonstrations are known to be not optimal. Compared to previous works that decouple agents in the game by assuming optimality in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-07 Xingyu Wang , Diego Klabjan

With the recent advances in solving large, zero-sum extensive form games, there is a growing interest in the inverse problem of inferring underlying game parameters given only access to agent actions. Although a recent work provides a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Chun Kai Ling , Fei Fang , J. Zico Kolter

This paper studies two important signal processing aspects of equilibrium behavior in non-cooperative games arising in social networks, namely, reinforcement learning and detection of equilibrium play. The first part of the paper presents a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-01-07 Omid Namvar Gharehshiran , William Hoiles , Vikram Krishnamurthy

Reciprocity is an important feature of human social interaction and underpins our cooperative nature. What is more, simple forms of reciprocity have proved remarkably resilient in matrix game social dilemmas. Most famously, the tit-for-tat…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Tom Eccles , Edward Hughes , János Kramár , Steven Wheelwright , Joel Z. Leibo

Cooperation is the foundation of ecosystems and the human society, and the reinforcement learning provides crucial insight into the mechanism for its emergence. However, most previous work has mostly focused on the self-organization at the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-05-17 Zhen-Wei Ding , Guo-Zhong Zheng , Chao-Ran Cai , Wei-Ran Cai , Li Chen , Ji-Qiang Zhang , Xu-Ming Wang

Decision making in modern large-scale and complex systems such as communication networks, smart electricity grids, and cyber-physical systems motivate novel game-theoretic approaches. This paper investigates big strategic (non-cooperative)…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-22 Tansu Alpcan , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein , Christopher Leckie

We revisit classic algorithmic search and optimization problems from the perspective of competition. Rather than a single optimizer minimizing expected cost, we consider a zero-sum game in which an optimization problem is presented to two…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2011-01-17 Nicole Immorlica , Adam Tauman Kalai , Brendan Lucier , Ankur Moitra , Andrew Postlewaite , Moshe Tennenholtz