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Everyday, large amounts of sensitive data is distributed across mobile phones, wearable devices, and other sensors. Traditionally, these enormous datasets have been processed on a single system, with complex models being trained to make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Zongshun Zhang , Andrea Pinto , Valeria Turina , Flavio Esposito , Ibrahim Matta

As an edge intelligence algorithm for multi-device collaborative training, federated learning (FL) can reduce the communication burden but increase the computing load of wireless devices. In contrast, split learning (SL) can reduce the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Benshun Yin , Zhiyong Chen , Meixia Tao

This paper discusses recent advancements made in the fast prediction of signal power in mmWave communications environments. Using machine learning (ML) it is possible to train models that provide power estimates with both good accuracy and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-04 Muyao Chen , Mathieu Châteauvert , Jonathan Ethier

The increasing complexity of neural networks poses a significant barrier to the deployment of distributed machine learning (ML) on resource-constrained devices, such as federated learning (FL). Split learning (SL) offers a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Zehang Lin , Zheng Lin , Miao Yang , Jianhao Huang , Yuxin Zhang , Zihan Fang , Xia Du , Zhe Chen , Shunzhi Zhu , Wei Ni

Split-learning (SL) has recently gained popularity due to its inherent privacy-preserving capabilities and ability to enable collaborative inference for devices with limited computational power. Standard SL algorithms assume an ideal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Mounssif Krouka , Anis Elgabli , Chaouki ben Issaid , Mehdi Bennis

The growing complexity of neural networks hinders the deployment of distributed machine learning on resource-constrained devices. Split learning (SL) offers a promising solution by partitioning the large model and offloading the primary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Zehang Lin , Miao Yang , Haihan Zhu , Zheng Lin , Jianhao Huang , Jing Yang , Guangjin Pan , Dianxin Luan , Zihan Fang , Shunzhi Zhu , Wei Ni , John Thompson

This paper proposes a novel communication-efficient split learning (SL) framework, named SplitFC, which reduces the communication overhead required for transmitting intermediate feature and gradient vectors during the SL training process.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Yongjeong Oh , Jaeho Lee , Christopher G. Brinton , Yo-Seb Jeon

Federated learning (FL) and split learning (SL) are the two popular distributed machine learning (ML) approaches that provide some data privacy protection mechanisms. In the time-series classification problem, many researchers typically use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Lianlian Jiang , Yuexuan Wang , Wenyi Zheng , Chao Jin , Zengxiang Li , Sin G. Teo

Split learning (SL) has been proposed to train deep learning models in a decentralized manner. For decentralized healthcare applications with vertical data partitioning, SL can be beneficial as it allows institutes with complementary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Holger R. Roth , Ali Hatamizadeh , Ziyue Xu , Can Zhao , Wenqi Li , Andriy Myronenko , Daguang Xu

In this letter, we propose an energy-efficient split learning (SL) framework for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) using geo-distributed personal data at the network edge, where LLMs are split and alternately across massive mobile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Zuguang Li , Shaohua Wu , Liang Li , Songge Zhang

The task of segmentation of multispectral images, which are images with numerous channels or bands, each capturing a specific range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, has been previously explored in contexts with large amounts of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Dilith Jayakody , Thanuja Ambegoda

As a paradigm of distributed machine learning, federated learning typically requires all edge devices to train a complete model locally. However, with the increasing scale of artificial intelligence models, the limited resources on edge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Junhe Zhang , Wanli Ni , Dongyu Wang

This paper introduces a novel framework designed to achieve a high compression ratio in Split Learning (SL) scenarios where resource-constrained devices are involved in large-scale model training. Our investigations demonstrate that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Wenxuan Zhou , Zhihao Qu , Shen-Huan Lyu , Miao Cai , Baoliu Ye

Natural Language Processing (NLP) operations, such as semantic sentiment analysis and text synthesis, often raise privacy concerns and demand significant on-device computational resources. Centralized learning (CL) on the edge provides an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Ahmed Y. Radwan , Mohammad Shehab , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

In the rapidly evolving domain of satellite communications, integrating advanced machine learning techniques, particularly split learning, is crucial for enhancing data processing and model training efficiency across satellites, space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Jianfei Sun , Cong Wu , Shahid Mumtaz , Junyi Tao , Mingsheng Cao , Mei Wang , Valerio Frascolla

Sensor-aided beamforming reduces the overheads associated with beam training in millimeter-wave (mmWave) multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) communication systems. Most prior work, though, neglects the challenges associated with establishing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-17 Kartik Patel , Robert W. Heath

Today's intelligent applications can achieve high performance accuracy using machine learning (ML) techniques, such as deep neural networks (DNNs). Traditionally, in a remote DNN inference problem, an edge device transmits raw data to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Mounssif Krouka , Anis Elgabli , Chaouki Ben Issaid , Mehdi Bennis

Split learning (SL) is an emergent distributed learning framework which can mitigate the computation and wireless communication overhead of federated learning. It splits a machine learning model into a device-side model and a server-side…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Minsu Kim , Alexander DeRieux , Walid Saad

Split Learning (SL) -- splits a model into two distinct parts to help protect client data while enhancing Machine Learning (ML) processes. Though promising, SL has proven vulnerable to different attacks, thus raising concerns about how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Tanveer Khan , Mindaugas Budzys , Antonis Michalas

Federated fine-tuning of on-device large language models (LLMs) mitigates privacy concerns by preventing raw data sharing. However, the intensive computational and memory demands pose significant challenges for resource-constrained edge…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Tao Li , Yulin Tang , Yiyang Song , Cong Wu , Xihui Liu , Pan Li , Xianhao Chen