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We demonstrate second harmonic generation (SHG) in an $x$-cut congruent lithium niobate (LN) whispering gallery mode resonator. We first show theoretically that independent control of the coupling of the pump and signal modes is optimal for…

Spintronic terahertz (THz) emitters have established themselves as among the most practical broadband THz sources available, yet their performance remains fundamentally limited by the spin Hall conductivity of the nonmagnetic conversion…

Terahertz nonlinear optics is a viable method to interrogate collective phenomena in quantum materials spanning ferroelectrics, charge-density waves, and superconductivity. In superconductors this includes the Higgs amplitude and Josephson…

Superconductivity · Physics 2024-03-19 Kelson Kaj , Kevin A. Cremin , Ian Hammock , Jacob Schalch , Dmitri N. Basov , Richard D. Averitt

The nonlinear Hall effect (NLHE) with time-reversal symmetry constitutes the appearance of a transverse voltage quadratic in the applied electric field. It is a second-order electronic transport phenomenon that induces frequency doubling…

Imaging antiferromagnetic 180{\deg} domains with actively controlled visibility is vital for both fundamental science and sophisticated applications. While optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a well-known technique for…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-09-02 Ziqian Wang , Meng Wang , Jannis Lehmann , Yuki Shiomi , Taka-hisa Arima , Naoto Nagaosa , Yoshinori Tokura , Naoki Ogawa

Integrating 2D materials onto on-chip photonic devices holds significant potential for nonlinear frequency conversion across various applications. The lack of inversion symmetry in monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs),…

We report on time-resolved ultrafast terahertz third-harmonic generation spectroscopy of nonequilibrium dynamics of Weyl fermions in a nanometer thin film of the Weyl semimetal TaP. Terahertz third-harmonic generation is observed at room…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-11-26 Patrick Pilch , Changqing Zhu , Sergey Kovalev , Renato M. A. Dantas , Amilcar Bedoya-Pinto , Stuart S. P. Parkin , Zhe Wang

The generation process of second harmonic (SH) radiation from holes periodically arranged on a metal surface is investigated. Three main modulating factors affecting the optical response are identified: the near-field distribution at the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-01-08 Sergio G. Rodrigo , V. Laliena , L. Martín-Moreno

The efficient optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) of two-dimensional (2D) crystals, coupled with their atomic thickness that circumvents the phase-match problem, has garnered considerable attention. While various 2D heterostructures…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-10-31 Wontaek Kim , Gyouil Jeong , Juseung Oh , Jihun Kim , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Sunmin Ryu

Nonlinear optical processes in whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators have attracted much attention. Owing to the strong confinement of light in a small volume, a WGM microresonator can dramatically boost the strength of light field,…

Optics · Physics 2015-12-29 Jintian Lin , Yingxin Xu , Jielei Ni , Min Wang , Zhiwei Fang , Lingling Qiao , Wei Fang , Ya Cheng

Second-order optical nonlinear effects (second-harmonic and sum-frequency generation) are demonstrated in the telecommunication band by periodic poling of thin films of lithium niobate wafer-bonded on silicon substrates and rib-loaded with…

Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a powerful optical tool for identifying non-centrosymmetric crystalline structures. Here, we analyze SHG in multilayer graphenes (MLG), with a focus on its dependence on the stacking order, encapsulation…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Patrick Johansen Sarsfield , Takaaki V. Joya , Takuto Kawakami , Mikito Koshino , Vladimir Fal'ko

Twisting two dissimilar monolayer semiconductors induces structural chirality that remains largely elusive in linear optics but becomes remarkably pronounced in the nonlinear regime. Here we demonstrate that MoS2/WSe2 heterobilayers exhibit…

Directional harmonic generation is an important property characterizing the ability of nonlinear optical antennas to diffuse the signal in well-defined region of space. Herein, we show how sub-wavelength facets of an organic molecular…

By combining analytical and numerical approaches, we study resonantly enhanced second-harmonic generation (SHG) by individual high-index dielectric nanoparticles made of centrosymmetric materials. Considering both bulk and surface…

Optics · Physics 2018-01-08 Daria Smirnova , Alexander I. Smirnov , Yuri S. Kivshar

Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are an aspiring class of materials with unique electronic and optical properties and potential applications in spin-based electronics. Here, we use terahertz emission spectroscopy to study…

The second-order $\chi^{2}$ process underpins many important nonlinear optical applications in the field of classical and quantum optics. Generally, the $\chi^{2}$ process manifests itself only in a non-centrosymmetric dielectric medium via…

Optics · Physics 2022-06-29 Yadong Wang , Daniel Burt , Kunze Lu , Donguk Nam

Phase matching is essential for efficient energy transfer in nonlinear wave-mixing processes. Traditional methods, such as birefringent and quasi-phase matching, have remained conceptually unchanged since their discovery over 60 years ago,…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-23 Danielle Ben-Haim , Mai Tal , Xiaoxi Xu , Tal Ellenbogen

We theoretically investigate high harmonic generation (HHG) from silicon thin films with thicknesses from a few atomic layers to a few hundreds of nanometers, to determine the most efficient thickness for producing intense HHG in the…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-04-28 Shunsuke Yamada , Kazuhiro Yabana

We report the observation of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) in single-layer indium selenide (InSe). We measure a second harmonic signal of $>10^3$ $\textrm{cts/s}$ under nonresonant excitation using a home-built confocal…