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Referring expression comprehension (REC) aims to localize a target object within an image based on a given expression. Although recent advances in vision-language models have led to substantial improvements in REC tasks, current REC…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zongjian Wu , Lei Zhang

Referring expression grounding aims at locating certain objects or persons in an image with a referring expression, where the key challenge is to comprehend and align various types of information from visual and textual domain, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-03 Xihui Liu , Zihao Wang , Jing Shao , Xiaogang Wang , Hongsheng Li

Video Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) aims to localize a target object in videos based on the queried natural language. Recent improvements in video REC have been made using Transformer-based methods with learnable queries.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Ji Jiang , Meng Cao , Tengtao Song , Long Chen , Yi Wang , Yuexian Zou

Dramatic progress has been witnessed in basic vision tasks involving low-level perception, such as object recognition, detection, and tracking. Unfortunately, there is still an enormous performance gap between artificial vision systems and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Chi Zhang , Feng Gao , Baoxiong Jia , Yixin Zhu , Song-Chun Zhu

We present an empirical analysis of the state-of-the-art systems for referring expression recognition -- the task of identifying the object in an image referred to by a natural language expression -- with the goal of gaining insight into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Volkan Cirik , Louis-Philippe Morency , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Referring expression segmentation aims to segment an object described by a language expression from an image. Despite the recent progress on this task, existing models tackling this task may not be able to fully capture semantics and visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Li Xu , Mark He Huang , Xindi Shang , Zehuan Yuan , Ying Sun , Jun Liu

Grounding referring expressions aims to locate in an image an object referred to by a natural language expression. The linguistic structure of a referring expression provides a layout of reasoning over the visual contents, and it is often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Sibei Yang , Guanbin Li , Yizhou Yu

Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) links language to region level visual perception. Standard benchmarks (RefCOCO, RefCOCO+, RefCOCOg) have progressed rapidly with multimodal LLMs but remain weak tests of visual reasoning and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Qihua Dong , Kuo Yang , Lin Ju , Handong Zhao , Yitian Zhang , Yizhou Wang , Huimin Zeng , Jianglin Lu , Yun Fu

Recent powerful pre-trained language models have achieved remarkable performance on most of the popular datasets for reading comprehension. It is time to introduce more challenging datasets to push the development of this field towards more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Weihao Yu , Zihang Jiang , Yanfei Dong , Jiashi Feng

Referring expressions are natural language constructions used to identify particular objects within a scene. In this paper, we propose a unified framework for the tasks of referring expression comprehension and generation. Our model is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-19 Licheng Yu , Hao Tan , Mohit Bansal , Tamara L. Berg

The task of multimodal referring expression comprehension (REC), aiming at localizing an image region described by a natural language expression, has recently received increasing attention within the research comminity. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Zhi Zhang , Helen Yannakoudakis , Xiantong Zhen , Ekaterina Shutova

Humans frequently use referring (identifying) expressions to refer to objects. Especially in ambiguous settings, humans prefer expressions (called relational referring expressions) that describe an object with respect to a distinguishing,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Hazan Anayurt , Sezai Artun Ozyegin , Ulfet Cetin , Utku Aktas , Sinan Kalkan

Referring Expressions Generation (REG) aims to produce textual descriptions that unambiguously identifies specific objects within a visual scene. Traditionally, this has been achieved through supervised learning methods, which perform well…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Lior Bracha , Eitan Shaar , Aviv Shamsian , Ethan Fetaya , Gal Chechik

Visual grounding tasks, such as referring image segmentation (RIS) and referring expression comprehension (REC), aim to localize a target object based on a given textual description. The target object in an image can be described in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Seonghoon Yu , Junbeom Hong , Joonseok Lee , Jeany Son

Referring Expression Generation (REG) aims to generate unambiguous Referring Expressions (REs) for objects in a visual scene, with a dual task of Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) to locate the referred object. Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Fulong Ye , Yuxing Long , Fangxiang Feng , Xiaojie Wang

This paper addresses the generation of referring expressions that not only refer to objects correctly but also let humans find them quickly. As a target becomes relatively less salient, identifying referred objects itself becomes more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Mikihiro Tanaka , Takayuki Itamochi , Kenichi Narioka , Ikuro Sato , Yoshitaka Ushiku , Tatsuya Harada

Referring Expression Segmentation (RES) and Comprehension (REC) respectively segment and detect the object described by an expression, while Referring Expression Generation (REG) generates an expression for the selected object. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Henghui Ding , Chang Liu , Shuting He , Xudong Jiang , Yu-Gang Jiang

Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) aims to identify a particular object in a scene by a natural language expression, and is an important topic in visual language understanding. State-of-the-art methods for this task are based on deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Luca Parolari , Elena Izzo , Lamberto Ballan

Image segmentation from referring expressions is a joint vision and language modeling task, where the input is an image and a textual expression describing a particular region in the image; and the goal is to localize and segment the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Ronghang Hu , Marcus Rohrbach , Subhashini Venugopalan , Trevor Darrell

The task in referring expression comprehension is to localise the object instance in an image described by a referring expression phrased in natural language. As a language-to-vision matching task, the key to this problem is to learn a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-13 Peng Wang , Qi Wu , Jiewei Cao , Chunhua Shen , Lianli Gao , Anton van den Hengel