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Data assimilation plays a key role in large-scale atmospheric weather forecasting, where the state of the physical system is estimated from model outputs and observations, and is then used as initial condition to produce accurate future…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-13 Azam Moosavi , Ahmed Attia , Adrian Sandu

Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is an important data assimilation method for high dimensional geophysical systems. Efficient implementation of EnKF in practice often involves the localization technique, which updates each component using only…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-04-04 Xin T. Tong

This paper develops efficient ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) implementations based on shrinkage covariance estimation. The forecast ensemble members at each step are used to estimate the background error covariance matrix via the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-02-03 Elias D. Nino-Ruiz , Adrian Sandu

State-of-the-art ensemble Kalman filtering (EnKF) algorithms require incorporating localization techniques to cope with the rank deficiency and the inherited spurious correlations in their error covariance matrices. Localization techniques…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Boujemaa Ait-El-Fquih , Ibrahim Hoteit

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a data assimilation technique that uses an ensemble of models, updated with data, to track the time evolution of a usually non-linear system. It does so by using an empirical approximation to the…

Applications · Statistics 2021-03-12 Elizabeth Hou , Earl Lawrence , Alfred O. Hero

The sample covariance matrix of a random vector is a good estimate of the true covariance matrix if the sample size is much larger than the length of the vector. In high-dimensional problems, this condition is never met. As a result, in…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-11-12 Michael Tsyrulnikov , Arseniy Sotskiy

Ensemble methods such as the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) are widely used for data assimilation in large-scale geophysical applications, as for example in numerical weather prediction (NWP). There is a growing interest for physical models…

Applications · Statistics 2018-08-01 Sylvain Robert , Hans R. Künsch

Contemporary data assimilation often involves more than a million prediction variables. Ensemble Kalman filters (EnKF) have been developed by geoscientists. They are successful indispensable tools in science and engineering, because they…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-05-26 Andrew J. Majda , Xin T. Tong

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a popular technique for performing inference in state-space models (SSMs), particularly when the dynamic process is high-dimensional. Unlike reweighting methods such as sequential Monte Carlo (SMC, i.e.…

The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), as a fundamental data assimilation approach, has been widely used in many fields of the sciences and engineering. When the state variable is of high dimensional accompanied with high resolution…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-18 Shouxia Wang , Hao-Xuan Sun , Song Xi Chen

Ensemble data assimilation methods such as the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) are a key component of probabilistic weather forecasting. They represent the uncertainty in the initial conditions by an ensemble which incorporates information…

Applications · Statistics 2018-10-17 Sylvain Robert , Daniel Leuenberger , Hans R. Künsch

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is widely used for nonlinear and high-dimensional state estimation because it replaces complex covariance propagation with simple ensemble statistics. However, conventional EnKF implementations can become…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Shida Jiang , Shengyu Tao , Zihe Liu , Scott Moura

We design and analyse the performance of a multilevel ensemble Kalman filter method (MLEnKF) for filtering settings where the underlying state-space model is an infinite-dimensional spatio-temporal process. We consider underlying models…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-03-11 Alexey Chernov , Håkon Hoel , Kody J. H. Law , Fabio Nobile , Raul Tempone

This paper develops an efficient implementation of the ensemble Kalman filter based on a modified Cholesky decomposition for inverse covariance matrix estimation. This implementation is named EnKF-MC. Background errors corresponding to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-31 Elias D. Nino , Adrian Sandu , Xinwei Deng

Data assimilation is a method of uncertainty quantification to estimate the hidden true state by updating the prediction owing to model dynamics with observation data. As a prediction model, we consider a class of nonlinear dynamical…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-05 Kota Takeda , Takashi Sakajo

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a Monte Carlo approximation of the Kalman filter for high dimensional linear Gaussian state space models. EnKF methods have also been developed for parameter inference of static Bayesian models with a…

We present a new type of the EnKF for data assimilation in spatial models that uses diagonal approximation of the state covariance in the wavelet space to achieve adaptive localization. The efficiency of the new method is demonstrated on an…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2011-03-01 Jonathan D. Beezley , Jan Mandel , Loren Cobb

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a recursive filter suitable for problems with a large number of variables, such as discretizations of partial differential equations in geophysical models. The EnKF originated as a version of the Kalman…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2009-01-26 Jan Mandel

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a widely used methodology for state estimation in partial, noisily observed dynamical systems, and for parameter estimation in inverse problems. Despite its widespread use in the geophysical sciences,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-09-21 Claudia Schillings , Andrew M. Stuart

Covariance inflation and localization are two important techniques that are used to improve the performance of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) by (in effect) adjusting the sample covariances of the estimates in the state space. In this…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2012-10-05 Xiaodong Luo , Ibrahim Hoteit
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