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In many safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving and surgical robots, it is desirable to obtain prediction uncertainties from object detection modules to help support safe decision-making. Specifically, such modules need to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-29 Buu Phan , Rick Salay , Krzysztof Czarnecki , Vahdat Abdelzad , Taylor Denouden , Sachin Vernekar

This paper investigates when the importance weighting (IW) correction is needed to address covariate shift, a common situation in supervised learning where the input distributions of training and test data differ. Classic results show that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-08 Davit Gogolashvili , Matteo Zecchin , Motonobu Kanagawa , Marios Kountouris , Maurizio Filippone

Deep learning has shown tremendous progress in a wide range of digital pathology and medical image classification tasks. Its integration into safe clinical decision-making support requires robust and reliable models. However, real-world…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-19 Abdur R. Fayjie , Jutika Borah , Florencia Carbone , Jan Tack , Patrick Vandewalle

Methods for reasoning under uncertainty are a key building block of accurate and reliable machine learning systems. Bayesian methods provide a general framework to quantify uncertainty. However, because of model misspecification and the use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Volodymyr Kuleshov , Nathan Fenner , Stefano Ermon

Deep neural networks often produce overconfident predictions, undermining their reliability in safety-critical applications. This miscalibration is further exacerbated under distribution shift, where test data deviates from the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Yilin Zhang , Cai Xu , You Wu , Ziyu Guan , Wei Zhao

For many machine learning algorithms, two main assumptions are required to guarantee performance. One is that the test data are drawn from the same distribution as the training data, and the other is that the model is correctly specified.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-03 Kun Kuang , Ruoxuan Xiong , Peng Cui , Susan Athey , Bo Li

In many real applications of statistical learning, collecting sufficiently many training data is often expensive, time-consuming, or even unrealistic. In this case, a transfer learning approach, which aims to leverage knowledge from a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-26 Baozhen Wang , Xingye Qiao

Modern neural networks have found to be miscalibrated in terms of confidence calibration, i.e., their predicted confidence scores do not reflect the observed accuracy or precision. Recent work has introduced methods for post-hoc confidence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Fabian Küppers , Jan Kronenberger , Jonas Schneider , Anselm Haselhoff

While the accuracy of modern deep learning models has significantly improved in recent years, the ability of these models to generate uncertainty estimates has not progressed to the same degree. Uncertainty methods are designed to provide…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-17 Adam M. Oberman , Chris Finlay , Alexander Iannantuono , Tiago Salvador

Conformal prediction is a popular, modern technique for providing valid predictive inference for arbitrary machine learning models. Its validity relies on the assumptions of exchangeability of the data, and symmetry of the given model…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-20 Rina Foygel Barber , Emmanuel J. Candes , Aaditya Ramdas , Ryan J. Tibshirani

Uncertainty quantification in automated image analysis is highly desired in many applications. Typically, machine learning models in classification or segmentation are only developed to provide binary answers; however, quantifying the…

Calibration ensures that probabilistic forecasts meaningfully capture uncertainty by requiring that predicted probabilities align with empirical frequencies. However, many existing calibration methods are specialized for post-hoc…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Charles Marx , Sofian Zalouk , Stefano Ermon

We propose a novel calibration method for computer simulators, dealing with the problem of covariate shift. Covariate shift is the situation where input distributions for training and test are different, and ubiquitous in applications of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-20 Keiichi Kisamori , Motonobu Kanagawa , Keisuke Yamazaki

Recalibration of binary probabilistic classifiers to a target prior probability is an important task in areas like credit risk management. However, recalibration of a classifier learned on a training dataset to a target on a test dataset in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Dirk Tasche

We propose a framework for learning calibrated uncertainties under domain shifts, where the source (training) distribution differs from the target (test) distribution. We detect such domain shifts via a differentiable density ratio…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Haoxuan Wang , Zhiding Yu , Yisong Yue , Anima Anandkumar , Anqi Liu , Junchi Yan

While recent computer vision algorithms achieve impressive performance on many benchmarks, they lack robustness - presented with an image from a different distribution, (e.g. weather or lighting conditions not considered during training),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Sebastian Cygert , Bartłomiej Wróblewski , Karol Woźniak , Radosław Słowiński , Andrzej Czyżewski

Probabilistic classification of unassociated Fermi-LAT sources using machine learning methods has an implicit assumption that the distributions of associated and unassociated sources are the same as a function of source parameters, which is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-01-04 Dmitry V. Malyshev

The goal of probabilistic prediction is to issue predictive distributions that are as informative as possible, subject to being calibrated. Despite substantial progress in the univariate setting, achieving multivariate calibration remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Aya Laajil , Elnura Zhalieva , Naomi Desobry , Souhaib Ben Taieb

We are concerned with obtaining well-calibrated output distributions from regression models. Such distributions allow us to quantify the uncertainty that the model has regarding the predicted target value. We introduce the novel concept of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-16 Hao Song , Tom Diethe , Meelis Kull , Peter Flach

We consider the problem of conformal prediction under covariate shift. Given labeled data from a source domain and unlabeled data from a covariate shifted target domain, we seek to construct prediction sets with valid marginal coverage in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-02 Sunay Joshi , Shayan Kiyani , George Pappas , Edgar Dobriban , Hamed Hassani