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Internet of Things (IoT) domains generate large volumes of high velocity event streams from sensors, which need to be analyzed with low latency to drive decisions. Complex Event Processing (CEP) is a Big Data technique to enable such…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-10 Rajrup Ghosh , Yogesh Simmhan

Nowadays, more and more applications are developed for running on a distributed ledger technology, namely dApps. The business logic of dApps is usually implemented within smart contracts developed through Solidity, a programming language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Andrea Di Sorbo , Sonia Laudanna , Anna Vacca , Corrado A. Visaggio , Gerardo Canfora

Security bugs and trapdoors in smart contracts have been impacting the Ethereum community since its inception. Conceptually, the 1.45-million Ethereum's contracts form a single "gigantic program" whose behaviors are determined by the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Thomas Ball , Nikolaj S. Bjørner , Ashley J. Chen , Shuo Chen , Yang Chen , Zhongxin Guo , Tzu-Han Hsu , Peng Liu , Nanqing Luo

This article conducts an extensive examination of the persisting challenges related to smart contract attacks within blockchain networks, with a particular focus on the reentrancy attack. It emphasizes the inherent vulnerabilities embedded…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Simone Casale-Brunet , Marco Mattavelli

Emin G\"un Sirer once said: It's clear that writing a robust, secure smart contract requires extreme amounts of diligence. It's more similar to writing code for a nuclear power reactor, than to writing loose web code [...] Yet the current…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-05 Gustavo Betarte , Maximiliano Cristiá , Carlos Luna , Adrián Silveira , Dante Zanarini

Smart contracts on a blockchain behave precisely as specified by their code. A vulnerability in this code can lead to unexpected behaviour, which is hard to fix because a blockchain does not allow to change smart contract code after its…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Markus Knecht

Ethereum smart contracts are programs that are deployed and executed in a consensus-based blockchain managed by a peer-to-peer network. Several re-entrancy attacks that aim to steal Ether, the cryptocurrency used in Ethereum, stored in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Yuichiro Chinen , Naoto Yanai , Jason Paul Cruz , Shingo Okamura

Software testing is the process of determining the precision, quality, completeness and security of the software systems. An important step in testing software is the generation of test cases, whose quality plays a vital role in determining…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-09-29 Jai Manral

Large language models (LLMs) excel at generating code from natural language instructions, yet they often lack an understanding of security vulnerabilities. This limitation makes it difficult for LLMs to avoid security risks in generated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Lingxiang Wang , Hainan Zhang , Qinnan Zhang , Ziwei Wang , Hongwei Zheng , Jin Dong , Zhiming Zheng

Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies are gaining unprecedented popularity and understanding. Meanwhile, Ethereum is gaining a significant popularity in the blockchain community, mainly due to the fact that it is designed in a way that enables…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-06 TonTon Hsien-De Huang

Blockchain technology (BT) Ethereum Smart Contracts allows programmable transactions that involve the transfer of monetary assets among peers on a BT network independent of a central authorizing agency. Ethereum Smart Contracts are programs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Noama Fatima Samreen , Manar H. Alalfi

To govern smart contracts running on Ethereum, multiple Ethereum Request for Comment (ERC) standards have been developed, each containing a set of rules to guide the behaviors of smart contracts. Violating the ERC rules could cause serious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Shihao Xia , Shuai Shao , Mengting He , Tingting Yu , Linhai Song , Yiying Zhang

While Ethereum smart contracts enabled a wide range of blockchain applications, they are extremely vulnerable to different forms of security attacks. Due to the fact that transactions to smart contracts commonly involve cryptocurrency…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Jianbo Gao , Han Liu , Chao Liu , Qingshan Li , Zhi Guan , Zhong Chen

In recent years, the evolution of Telecom towards achieving intelligent, autonomous, and open networks has led to an increasingly complex Telecom Software system, supporting various heterogeneous deployment scenarios, with multi-standard…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Mohamad Nabeel , Doumitrou Daniil Nimara , Tahar Zanouda

Smart contracts are appealing because they are self-executing business agreements between parties with the predefined and immutable obligations and rights. However, as with all software, smart contracts may contain vulnerabilities because…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Weifeng Xu , Glenn A. Fink

Smart Contracts are critical components of blockchain ecosystems, with Solidity as the dominant programming language. While LLMs excel at general-purpose code generation, the unique constraints of Smart Contracts, such as gas consumption,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Francesco Salzano , Simone Scalabrino , Rocco Oliveto , Remo Pareschi

Smart contracts are Turing-complete programs that execute on the infrastructure of the blockchain, which often manage valuable digital assets. Solidity is one of the most popular programming languages for writing smart contracts on the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Tai D. Nguyen , Long H. Pham , Jun Sun , Yun Lin , Quang Tran Minh

We give a protocol for Asynchronous Distributed Key Generation (A-DKG) that is optimally resilient (can withstand $f<\frac{n}{3}$ faulty parties), has a constant expected number of rounds, has $\tilde{O}(n^3)$ expected communication…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Ittai Abraham , Philipp Jovanovic , Mary Maller , Sarah Meiklejohn , Gilad Stern , Alin Tomescu

As large language models demonstrate enormous potential in the field of Electronic Design Automation (EDA), generative AI-assisted chip design is attracting widespread attention from academia and industry. Although these technologies have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Wenbo Liu , Forbes Hou , Jon Zhang , Hong Liu , Allen Lei

The out-of-gas error occurs when smart contract programs are provided with inputs that cause excessive gas consumption, and would be easily exploited to make the DoS attack. Multiple approaches have been proposed to estimate the gas limit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Fuchen Ma , Ying Fu , Meng Ren , Wanting Sun , Houbing Song , Yu Jiang , Jun Sun , Jiaguang Sun