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Formal ontologies are axiomatizations in a logic-based formalism. The development of formal ontologies, and their important role in the Semantic Web area, is generating considerable research on the use of automated reasoning techniques and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Javier Álvez , Montserrat Hermo , Paqui Lucio , German Rigau

Neural theorem proving combines large language models (LLMs) with proof assistants such as Lean, where the correctness of formal proofs can be rigorously verified, leaving no room for hallucination. With existing neural theorem provers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Peiyang Song , Kaiyu Yang , Anima Anandkumar

Recently, various multimodal networks for Visually-Rich Document Understanding(VRDU) have been proposed, showing the promotion of transformers by integrating visual and layout information with the text embeddings. However, most existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Zhangxuan Gu , Changhua Meng , Ke Wang , Jun Lan , Weiqiang Wang , Ming Gu , Liqing Zhang

Effective autonomous driving hinges on robust reasoning across perception, prediction, planning, and behavior. However, conventional end-to-end models fail to generalize in complex scenarios due to the lack of structured reasoning. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Muxi Diao , Lele Yang , Hongbo Yin , Zhexu Wang , Yejie Wang , Daxin Tian , Kongming Liang , Zhanyu Ma

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly integrated into education, university students preparing for English language tests are frequently shifting between traditional search engines like Google and large language models (LLMs)…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Tarek Rahman , Md Shaharia Hossen , Mark Protik Mondol , Jannatun Noor Mukta

By simply composing prompts, developers can prototype novel generative applications with Large Language Models (LLMs). To refine prototypes into products, however, developers must iteratively revise prompts by evaluating outputs to diagnose…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Tae Soo Kim , Yoonjoo Lee , Jamin Shin , Young-Ho Kim , Juho Kim

We present a prototype of an integrated reasoning environment for educational purposes. The presented tool is a fragment of a proof assistant and automated theorem prover. We describe the existing and planned functionality of the theorem…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Mario Frank , Christoph Kreitz

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on a variety of natural language understanding tasks. However, existing benchmarks are inadequate in measuring the complex logical reasoning capabilities of a model. We…

Translating natural language into formal language such as First-Order Logic (FOL) is a foundational challenge in NLP with wide-ranging applications in automated reasoning, misinformation tracking, and knowledge validation. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Abhinav Lalwani , Tasha Kim , Lovish Chopra , Christopher Hahn , Zhijing Jin , Mrinmaya Sachan

Abductive reasoning is a popular non-monotonic paradigm that aims to explain observed symptoms and manifestations. It has many applications, such as diagnosis and planning in artificial intelligence and database updates. In propositional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Johannes Schmidt , Mohamed Maizia , Victor Lagerkvist , Johannes K. Fichte

In this work, we propose Reinforced Functional Token Tuning (RFTT), a novel reinforced fine-tuning framework that empowers Large Language Models (LLMs) with self-play learn-to-reason capabilities. Unlike prior prompt-driven reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Kongcheng Zhang , Qi Yao , Baisheng Lai , Jiaxing Huang , Wenkai Fang , Dacheng Tao , Mingli Song , Shunyu Liu

Tool-augmented reasoning has emerged as a promising direction for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). However, existing studies mainly focus on enabling models to perform tool invocation, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Qinghe Ma , Zhen Zhao , Yiming Wu , Jian Zhang , Lei Bai , Yinghuan Shi

Large Language Models prompting, such as using in-context demonstrations, is a mainstream technique for invoking LLMs to perform high-performance and solid complex reasoning (e.g., mathematical reasoning, commonsense reasoning), and has the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Zhicheng Yang , Yinya Huang , Jing Xiong , Liang Feng , Xiaodan Liang , Yiwei Wang , Jing Tang

Mathematical reasoning is an important research direction in the field of artificial intelligence. This article proposes a novel multi tool application framework for mathematical reasoning, aiming to achieve more comprehensive and accurate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Zhihua Duan , Jialin Wang

The limited reasoning capabilities of small language models (SLMs) cast doubt on their suitability for tasks demanding deep, multi-step logical deduction. This paper introduces a framework called Small Reasons, Large Hints (SMART), which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yujin Kim , Euiin Yi , Minu Kim , Se-Young Yun , Taehyeon Kim

While Chain of Thought (CoT) prompting approaches have significantly consolidated the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), they still face limitations that require extensive human effort or have performance needs to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Kangyang Luo , Zichen Ding , Zhenmin Weng , Lingfeng Qiao , Meng Zhao , Xiang Li , Di Yin , Jinlong Shu

Interactive systems are commonly prototyped as web applications. This approach enables studies with functional prototypes on a large scale. However, setting up these studies can be complex due to implementing experiment procedures,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Florian Lehmann , Daniel Buschek

We present IntelliProof, an interactive system for analyzing argumentative essays through LLMs. IntelliProof structures an essay as an argumentation graph, where claims are represented as nodes, supporting evidence is attached as node…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Kaveh Eskandari Miandoab , Katharine Kowalyshyn , Kabir Pamnani , Anesu Gavhera , Vasanth Sarathy , Matthias Scheutz

Natural language is an intuitive way for humans to communicate tasks to a robot. While natural language (NL) is ambiguous, real world tasks and their safety requirements need to be communicated unambiguously. Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Sara Mohammadinejad , Jesse Thomason , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh

Optimization modeling underlies critical decision-making across industries, yet remains difficult to automate: natural-language problem descriptions must be translated into precise mathematical formulations and executable solver code.…