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This paper introduces a novel neural network-based reinforcement learning approach for robot gaze control. Our approach enables a robot to learn and to adapt its gaze control strategy for human-robot interaction neither with the use of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Stéphane Lathuilière , Benoit Massé , Pablo Mesejo , Radu Horaud

Despite advances in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models, robotic manipulation struggles with fine-grained tasks because current models lack mechanisms for active visual attention allocation. Human gaze naturally encodes intent, planning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Anupam Pani , Yanchao Yang

We introduce explanatory guided learning (XGL), a novel interactive learning strategy in which a machine guides a human supervisor toward selecting informative examples for a classifier. The guidance is provided by means of global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Teodora Popordanoska , Mohit Kumar , Stefano Teso

Eye gaze offers valuable cues about attention, short-term intent, and future actions, making it a powerful signal for modeling egocentric behavior. In this work, we propose a gaze-regularized framework that enhances VLMs for two key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Anupam Pani , Yanchao Yang

Gaze is a crucial social cue in any interacting scenario and drives many mechanisms of social cognition (joint and shared attention, predicting human intention, coordination tasks). Gaze direction is an indication of social and emotional…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Maria Lombardi , Elisa Maiettini , Agnieszka Wykowska , Lorenzo Natale

Robust and efficient learning remains a challenging problem in robotics, in particular with complex visual inputs. Inspired by human attention mechanism, with which we quickly process complex visual scenes and react to changes in the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Daniel Scheuchenstuhl , Stefan Ulmer , Felix Resch , Luigi Berducci , Radu Grosu

Imitation learning is the problem of recovering an expert policy without access to a reward signal. Behavior cloning and GAIL are two widely used methods for performing imitation learning. Behavior cloning converges in a few iterations but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Rohit Jena , Changliu Liu , Katia Sycara

Mutual gaze detection, i.e., predicting whether or not two people are looking at each other, plays an important role in understanding human interactions. In this work, we focus on the task of image-based mutual gaze detection, and propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Bardia Doosti , Ching-Hui Chen , Raviteja Vemulapalli , Xuhui Jia , Yukun Zhu , Bradley Green

Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning (GAIL) can learn policies without explicitly defining the reward function from demonstrations. GAIL has the potential to learn policies with high-dimensional observations as input, e.g., images. By…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Yoshihisa Tsurumine , Takamitsu Matsubara

Understanding user intent during magnified reading is critical for accessible interface design. Yet magnification collapses visual context and forces continual viewport dragging, producing fragmented, noisy gaze and obscuring reading…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Seongsil Heo , Roberto Manduchi

Human gaze provides valuable information on human focus and intentions, making it a crucial area of research. Recently, deep learning has revolutionized appearance-based gaze estimation. However, due to the unique features of gaze…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Yihua Cheng , Haofei Wang , Yiwei Bao , Feng Lu

Effective collaboration between humans and AIs hinges on transparent communication and alignment of mental models. However, explicit, verbal communication is not always feasible. Under such circumstances, human-human teams often depend on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Nikhil Hulle , Stéphane Aroca-Ouellette , Anthony J. Ries , Jake Brawer , Katharina von der Wense , Alessandro Roncone

The goal of imitation learning is to mimic expert behavior without access to an explicit reward signal. Expert demonstrations provided by humans, however, often show significant variability due to latent factors that are typically not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-16 Yunzhu Li , Jiaming Song , Stefano Ermon

We address the challenge of unsupervised mistake detection in egocentric video of skilled human activities through the analysis of gaze signals. While traditional methods rely on manually labeled mistakes, our approach does not require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Michele Mazzamuto , Antonino Furnari , Yoichi Sato , Giovanni Maria Farinella

Imitation learning is widely used for learning to act in complex environments. While pure neural-based methods handle high dimensional data effectively, they suffer from the requirement of large number of samples and are prone to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Nikhilesh Prabhakar , Varun Balaji , Athresh Karanam , Kristian Kersting , Sriraam Natarajan

Current LLM assistants are powerful at answering questions, but they have limited access to the behavioral context that reveals when and where a user is struggling. We present a gaze-grounded multimodal LLM assistant that uses egocentric…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Valdemar Danry , Javier Hernandez , Andrew Wilson , Pattie Maes , Judith Amores

Reinforcement learning agents can learn to solve sequential decision tasks by interacting with the environment. Human knowledge of how to solve these tasks can be incorporated using imitation learning, where the agent learns to imitate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Ruohan Zhang , Faraz Torabi , Lin Guan , Dana H. Ballard , Peter Stone

Learning from demonstration is widely used as an efficient way for robots to acquire new skills. However, it typically requires that demonstrations provide full access to the state and action sequences. In contrast, learning from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Zachary W. Robertson , Matthew R. Walter

Interactive Imitation Learning (IIL) allows agents to acquire desired behaviors through human interventions, but current methods impose high cognitive demands on human supervisors. We propose the Adaptive Intervention Mechanism (AIM), a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Haoyuan Cai , Zhenghao Peng , Bolei Zhou

We study the problem of sample efficient reinforcement learning, where prior data such as demonstrations are provided for initialization in lieu of a dense reward signal. A natural approach is to incorporate an imitation learning objective,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Perry Dong , Alec M. Lessing , Annie S. Chen , Chelsea Finn