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This paper presents a quantum search approach to combinatorial constraint satisfaction problems, demonstrated through the generation of magic squares. We reformulate magic square construction as a quantum search problem in which a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Rituparna R , Harsha Varthini , Aswani Kumar Cherukuri

Quantum computation, in particular Grover's algorithm, has aroused a great deal of interest since it allows for a quadratic speedup to be obtained in search procedures. Classical search procedures for an $N$ element database require at most…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-02-09 Luís Tarrataca , Andreas Wichert

We introduce hybrid classical-quantum algorithms for problems involving a large classical data set X and a space of models Y such that a quantum computer has superposition access to Y but not X. These algorithms use data reduction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-07 Aram W. Harrow

The paper considers the problem of finding a given substring in a text. It is known that the complexity of a classical search query in an unordered database is linear in the length of the text and a given substring. At the same time,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-03 Farid Ablayev , Marat Ablayev , Nailya Salikhova

Quantum search algorithms offer a remarkable advantage of quadratic reduction in query complexity using quantum superposition principle. However, how an actual architecture may access and handle the database in a quantum superposed state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-06 Jung Jun Park , Kyunghyun Baek , M. S. Kim , Hyunchul Nha , Jaewan Kim , Jeongho Bang

Subset-Sum is an NP-complete problem where one must decide if a multiset of $n$ integers contains a subset whose elements sum to a target value $m$. The best-known classical and quantum algorithms run in time $\tilde{O}(2^{n/2})$ and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-12 Jonathan Allcock , Yassine Hamoudi , Antoine Joux , Felix Klingelhöfer , Miklos Santha

Grover's algorithm is a primary algorithm offered as evidence that quantum computers can provide an advantage over classical computers. It involves an "oracle" specified for a given application whose structure is not part of the formal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-14 E. M. Stoudenmire , Xavier Waintal

It is well known that Grover's algorithm asymptotically transforms an equal superposition state into an eigenstate (of a given basis). Here, we demonstrate a verification algorithm based on weak measurement which can achieve the same…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-10 Avinash Dash , Sumit Rout , Bikash K. Behera , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

Error correction will add so much overhead to large quantum computations that we suspect the most efficient algorithms will use a classical co-processor to do as much work as possible. We present a method to offload portions of a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-12 Samuel Jaques , Craig Gidney

In this Letter, we construct the quantum algorithms for the Simon problem and the period-finding problem, which do not require initializing the auxiliary qubits involved in the process of functional evaluation but are as efficient as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dong Pyo Chi , Jeong San Kim , Soojoon Lee

This paper explores the use of Grover's Algorithm in the classical rainbow table, uncovering the potential of integrating quantum computing techniques with conventional cryptographic methods to develop a Quantum Rainbow Table…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Lee Jun Quan , Tan Jia Ye , Goh Geok Ling , Vivek Balachandran

Quantum computing has noteworthy speedup over classical computing by taking advantage of quantum parallelism, i.e., the superposition of states. In particular, quantum search is widely used in various computationally hard problems. Grover's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-29 Ji Liu , Huiyang Zhou

We consider the quantum time complexity of the all pairs shortest paths (APSP) problem and some of its variants. The trivial classical algorithm for APSP and most all pairs path problems runs in $O(n^3)$ time, while the trivial algorithm in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-24 Aran Nayebi , Virginia Vassilevska Williams

Quantum query complexity is typically characterized in terms of XOR queries |x,y> to |x,y+f(x)> or phase queries, which ensure that even queries to non-invertible functions are unitary. When querying a permutation, another natural model is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 Blake Holman , Ronak Ramachandran , Justin Yirka

Quantum Computing offers an entirely new way of doing computation governed by the rules of quantum mechanics like Superposition and Entanglement. These rules allow us to do computation over all the possible states simultaneously. Hence,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-08 Mohd. Hussain Mir , Harkirat Singh

We initiate a systematic study of pseudo-deterministic quantum algorithms. These are quantum algorithms that, for any input, output a canonical solution with high probability. Focusing on the query complexity model, our main contributions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 Hugo Aaronson , Tom Gur , Jiawei Li

Attempts to separate the power of classical and quantum models of computation have a long history. The ultimate goal is to find exponential separations for computational problems. However, such separations do not come a dime a dozen: while…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-05 Martin Roetteler

Grover's search algorithm is one of the first quantum algorithms to exhibit a provable quantum advantage. It forms the backbone of numerous quantum applications and is widely used in benchmarking efforts. Here, we report…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-10 Bibek Pokharel , Daniel Lidar

We generalize Grover's unstructured quantum search algorithm to enable it to use an arbitrary starting superposition and an arbitrary unitary matrix simultaneously. We derive an exact formula for the probability of the generalized Grover's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-18 Robert Gingrich , Colin P. Williams , Nicolas Cerf

Quantum algorithms use the principles of quantum mechanics, as for example quantum superposition, in order to solve particular problems outperforming standard computation. They are developed for cryptography, searching, optimisation,…