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This paper presents a novel method to generate answers for non-extraction machine reading comprehension (MRC) tasks whose answers cannot be simply extracted as one span from the given passages. Using a pointer network-style extractive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Zhuosheng Zhang , Yiqing Zhang , Hai Zhao , Xi Zhou , Xiang Zhou

Automatic question answering is an important yet challenging task in E-commerce given the millions of questions posted by users about the product that they are interested in purchasing. Hence, there is a great demand for automatic answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Anand A. Rajasekar , Nikesh Garera

An important open question in the use of large language models for knowledge-intensive tasks is how to effectively integrate knowledge from three sources: the model's parametric memory, external structured knowledge, and external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Xin Su , Tiep Le , Steven Bethard , Phillip Howard

Automatic question generation (QG) is a useful yet challenging task in NLP. Recent neural network-based approaches represent the state-of-the-art in this task. In this work, we attempt to strengthen them significantly by adopting a holistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Vishwajeet Kumar , Ganesh Ramakrishnan , Yuan-Fang Li

Question Answering has come a long way from answer sentence selection, relational QA to reading and comprehension. We shift our attention to generative question answering (gQA) by which we facilitate machine to read passages and answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Rajarshee Mitra

Real-life tasks such as giving legal or technical advice often lack complete context at the outset and can have disparate answers depending thereon. The ability to derive missing factual information by asking clarifying questions (ACQ) is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Matthew Toles , Yukun Huang , Zhou Yu , Luis Gravano

We tackle the task of question generation over knowledge bases. Conventional methods for this task neglect two crucial research issues: 1) the given predicate needs to be expressed; 2) the answer to the generated question needs to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Cao Liu , Kang Liu , Shizhu He , Zaiqing Nie , Jun Zhao

Machine comprehension question answering, which finds an answer to the question given a passage, involves high-level reasoning processes of understanding and tracking the relevant contents across various semantic units such as words,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Minjeong Kim , David Keetae Park , Hyungjong Noh , Yeonsoo Lee , Jaegul Choo

When writing, a person may need to anticipate questions from their audience, but different social groups may ask very different types of questions. If someone is writing about a problem they want to resolve, what kind of follow-up question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Ian Stewart , Rada Mihalcea

Large language model (LLM) training faces a critical bottleneck: the scarcity of high-quality, reasoning-intensive question-answer pairs, especially from sparse, domain-specific sources like PubMed papers or legal documents. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Linqing Chen , Hanmeng Zhong , Wentao Wu , Weilei Wang

Question answering (QA) over tables and text has gained much popularity over the years. Multi-hop table-text QA requires multiple hops between the table and text, making it a challenging QA task. Although several works have attempted to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Jayetri Bardhan , Bushi Xiao , Daisy Zhe Wang

Multihop Question Answering (QA) requires systems to identify and synthesize information from multiple text passages. While most prior retrieval methods assist in identifying relevant passages for QA, further assessing the utility of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Akriti Jain , Aparna Garimella

Inquisitive probing questions come naturally to humans in a variety of settings, but is a challenging task for automatic systems. One natural type of question to ask tries to fill a gap in knowledge during text comprehension, like reading a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Wei-Jen Ko , Te-Yuan Chen , Yiyan Huang , Greg Durrett , Junyi Jessy Li

We study the problem of Query Performance Prediction (QPP) for open-domain multi-hop Question Answering (QA), where the task is to estimate the difficulty of evaluating a multi-hop question over a corpus. Despite the extensive research on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Mohammadreza Samadi , Davood Rafiei

In education, open-ended quiz questions have become an important tool for assessing the knowledge of students. Yet, manually preparing such questions is a tedious task, and thus automatic question generation has been proposed as a possible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Kristiyan Vachev , Momchil Hardalov , Georgi Karadzhov , Georgi Georgiev , Ivan Koychev , Preslav Nakov

Multi-hop question answering (QA) is a challenging task requiring QA systems to perform complex reasoning over multiple documents and provide supporting facts together with the exact answer. Existing works tend to utilize graph-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Xin-Yi Li , Wei-Jun Lei , Yu-Bin Yang

We propose a novel open-domain question answering (ODQA) framework for answering single/multi-hop questions across heterogeneous knowledge sources. The key novelty of our method is the introduction of the intermediary modules into the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Kaixin Ma , Hao Cheng , Xiaodong Liu , Eric Nyberg , Jianfeng Gao

Answering complex questions that require making latent decisions is a challenging task, especially when limited supervision is available. Recent works leverage the capabilities of large language models (LMs) to perform complex question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Dheeru Dua , Shivanshu Gupta , Sameer Singh , Matt Gardner

Recent advances in reading comprehension have resulted in models that surpass human performance when the answer is contained in a single, continuous passage of text. However, complex Question Answering (QA) typically requires multi-hop…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Mokanarangan Thayaparan , Marco Valentino , Viktor Schlegel , Andre Freitas

Neural conversational models learn to generate responses by taking into account the dialog history. These models are typically optimized over the query-response pairs with a maximum likelihood estimation objective. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Shaoxiong Feng , Hongshen Chen , Kan Li , Dawei Yin