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This article introduces a novel and fast method for refining pre-trained static word or, more generally, token embeddings. By incorporating the embeddings of neighboring tokens in text corpora, it continuously updates the representation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Mario M. Kubek , Shiraj Pokharel , Thomas Böhme , Emma L. McDaniel , Herwig Unger , Armin R. Mikler

Word embeddings have been demonstrated to benefit NLP tasks impressively. Yet, there is room for improvement in the vector representations, because current word embeddings typically contain unnecessary information, i.e., noise. We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-07 Kim Anh Nguyen , Sabine Schulte im Walde , Ngoc Thang Vu

Euclidean embeddings of data are fundamentally limited in their ability to capture latent semantic structures, which need not conform to Euclidean spatial assumptions. Here we consider an alternative, which embeds data as discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-10 Charlie Frogner , Farzaneh Mirzazadeh , Justin Solomon

Interpretability benefits the theoretical understanding of representations. Existing word embeddings are generally dense representations. Hence, the meaning of latent dimensions is difficult to interpret. This makes word embeddings like a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Minxue Xia , Hao Zhu

The positive effect of adding subword information to word embeddings has been demonstrated for predictive models. In this paper we investigate whether similar benefits can also be derived from incorporating subwords into counting models. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-11 Alexandre Salle , Aline Villavicencio

Transition-based and graph-based dependency parsers have previously been shown to have complementary strengths and weaknesses: transition-based parsers exploit rich structural features but suffer from error propagation, while graph-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Artur Kulmizev , Miryam de Lhoneux , Johannes Gontrum , Elena Fano , Joakim Nivre

Unsupervised text embedding has shown great power in a wide range of NLP tasks. While text embeddings are typically learned in the Euclidean space, directional similarity is often more effective in tasks such as word similarity and document…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Yu Meng , Jiaxin Huang , Guangyuan Wang , Chao Zhang , Honglei Zhuang , Lance Kaplan , Jiawei Han

We propose shifted inner-product similarity (SIPS), which is a novel yet very simple extension of the ordinary inner-product similarity (IPS) for neural-network based graph embedding (GE). In contrast to IPS, that is limited to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-25 Akifumi Okuno , Geewook Kim , Hidetoshi Shimodaira

Cross-lingual word embeddings aim to bridge the gap between high-resource and low-resource languages by allowing to learn multilingual word representations even without using any direct bilingual signal. The lion's share of the methods are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-03 Magdalena Biesialska , Marta R. Costa-jussà

Sampling from unnormalized densities using diffusion models has emerged as a powerful paradigm. However, while recent approaches that use least-squares `matching' objectives have improved scalability, they often necessitate significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Denis Blessing , Lorenz Richter , Julius Berner , Egor Malitskiy , Gerhard Neumann

Machine comprehension(MC) style question answering is a representative problem in natural language processing. Previous methods rarely spend time on the improvement of encoding layer, especially the embedding of syntactic information and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-31 Boyuan Pan , Hao Li , Zhou Zhao , Bin Cao , Deng Cai , Xiaofei He

Deep learning currently dominates the benchmarks for various NLP tasks and, at the basis of such systems, words are frequently represented as embeddings --vectors in a low dimensional space-- learned from large text corpora and various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-25 Ronald Denaux , Jose Manuel Gomez-Perez

Clustering is a fundamental unsupervised learning task for uncovering patterns in data. While Gaussian Blurring Mean Shift (GBMS) has proven effective for identifying arbitrarily shaped clusters in Euclidean space, it struggles with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Arghya Pratihar , Arnab Seal , Swagatam Das , Inesh Chattopadhyay

Deep graph neural networks (GNNs) often suffer from oversmoothing, where node representations become overly homogeneous with increasing depth. While techniques like normalization, residual connections, and edge dropout have been proposed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jiaqi Wang , Xinyi Wu , James Cheng , Yifei Wang

We introduce a novel approach for building language models based on a systematic, recursive exploration of skip n-gram models which are interpolated using modified Kneser-Ney smoothing. Our approach generalizes language models as it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-04-15 Rene Pickhardt , Thomas Gottron , Martin Körner , Paul Georg Wagner , Till Speicher , Steffen Staab

Distributed word embeddings have shown superior performances in numerous Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, their performances vary significantly across different tasks, implying that the word embeddings learnt by those…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-21 Danushka Bollegala , Kohei Hayashi , Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi

To improve the generalization of the representations for natural language processing tasks, words are commonly represented using vectors, where distances among the vectors are related to the similarity of the words. While word2vec, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Canlin Zhang , Xiuwen Liu , Daniel Bis

A new development in NLP is the construction of hyperbolic word embeddings. As opposed to their Euclidean counterparts, hyperbolic embeddings are represented not by vectors, but by points in hyperbolic space. This makes the most common…

In this study, we address the complex issue of graph clustering in signed graphs, which are characterized by positive and negative weighted edges representing attraction and repulsion among nodes, respectively. The primary objective is to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Felix Hausberger , Marcelo Fonseca Faraj , Christian Schulz

We introduce the \emph{Symplectic Generative Network (SGN)}, a deep generative model that leverages Hamiltonian mechanics to construct an invertible, volume-preserving mapping between a latent space and the data space. By endowing the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-30 Agnideep Aich , Ashit Aich