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The recently introduced continuous Skip-gram model is an efficient method for learning high-quality distributed vector representations that capture a large number of precise syntactic and semantic word relationships. In this paper we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-10-18 Tomas Mikolov , Ilya Sutskever , Kai Chen , Greg Corrado , Jeffrey Dean

Neural embeddings have been used with great success in Natural Language Processing (NLP). They provide compact representations that encapsulate word similarity and attain state-of-the-art performance in a range of linguistic tasks. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-20 Benjamin Paul Chamberlain , James Clough , Marc Peter Deisenroth

This paper aims to provide an unsupervised modelling approach that allows for a more flexible representation of text embeddings. It jointly encodes the words and the paragraphs as individual matrices of arbitrary column dimension with unit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Souvik Banerjee , Bamdev Mishra , Pratik Jawanpuria , Manish Shrivastava

This paper explores an empirical approach to learn more discriminantive sentence representations in an unsupervised fashion. Leveraging semantic graph smoothing, we enhance sentence embeddings obtained from pretrained models to improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Chakib Fettal , Lazhar Labiod , Mohamed Nadif

In this paper we perform a rigorous mathematical analysis of the word2vec model, especially when it is equipped with the Skip-gram learning scheme. Our goal is to explain how embeddings, that are now widely used in NLP (Natural Language…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-05-26 Mengda Li , Charles-Albert Lehalle

The most interesting words in scientific texts will often be novel or rare. This presents a challenge for scientific word embedding models to determine quality embedding vectors for useful terms that are infrequent or newly emerging. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Jason Hoelscher-Obermaier , Edward Stevinson , Valentin Stauber , Ivaylo Zhelev , Victor Botev , Ronin Wu , Jeremy Minton

Popular word embedding methods such as GloVe and Word2Vec are related to the factorization of the pointwise mutual information (PMI) matrix. In this paper, we establish a formal connection between correspondence analysis (CA) and PMI-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Qianqian Qi , Ayoub Bagheri , David J. Hessen , Peter G. M. van der Heijden

The skip-thought model has been proven to be effective at learning sentence representations and capturing sentence semantics. In this paper, we propose a suite of techniques to trim and improve it. First, we validate a hypothesis that,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Shuai Tang , Hailin Jin , Chen Fang , Zhaowen Wang , Virginia R. de Sa

In recent years, word embeddings have been widely used to measure biases in texts. Even if they have proven to be effective in detecting a wide variety of biases, metrics based on word embeddings lack transparency and interpretability. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Francisco Valentini , Germán Rosati , Damián Blasi , Diego Fernandez Slezak , Edgar Altszyler

Distributed representations of words encode lexical semantic information, but what type of information is encoded and how? Focusing on the skip-gram with negative-sampling method, we found that the squared norm of static word embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Momose Oyama , Sho Yokoi , Hidetoshi Shimodaira

It is known that in the absence of a gauge singlet field, a specific class of supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking non-holomorphic (NH) terms can be soft breaking in nature so that they may be considered along with the Minimal Supersymmetric…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-02-01 Utpal Chattopadhyay , Debottam Das , Samadrita Mukherjee

Recently, word representation has been increasingly focused on for its excellent properties in representing the word semantics. Previous works mainly suffer from the problem of polysemy phenomenon. To address this problem, most of previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-11-20 Xinchi Chen , Xipeng Qiu , Jingxiang Jiang , Xuanjing Huang

Although contextualized embeddings generated from large-scale pre-trained models perform well in many tasks, traditional static embeddings (e.g., Skip-gram, Word2Vec) still play an important role in low-resource and lightweight settings due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Jiangbin Zheng , Yile Wang , Ge Wang , Jun Xia , Yufei Huang , Guojiang Zhao , Yue Zhang , Stan Z. Li

Pre-trained word embeddings are widely used for transfer learning in natural language processing. The embeddings are continuous and distributed representations of the words that preserve their similarities in compact Euclidean spaces.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Halid Ziya Yerebakan , Parmeet Bhatia , Yoshihisa Shinagawa

Research on word embeddings has mainly focused on improving their performance on standard corpora, disregarding the difficulties posed by noisy texts in the form of tweets and other types of non-standard writing from social media. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Yerai Doval , Jesús Vilares , Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez

Recent advances in the field of network embedding have shown the low-dimensional network representation is playing a critical role in network analysis. However, most of the existing principles of network embedding do not incorporate…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Junliang Guo , Linli Xu , Xunpeng Huang , Enhong Chen

Word embeddings capture semantic relationships based on contextual information and are the basis for a wide variety of natural language processing applications. Notably these relationships are solely learned from the data and subsequently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Stephanie Brandl , David Lassner , Maximilian Alber

Skip-gram with negative sampling, a popular variant of Word2vec originally designed and tuned to create word embeddings for Natural Language Processing, has been used to create item embeddings with successful applications in recommendation.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-08-30 Hugo Caselles-Dupré , Florian Lesaint , Jimena Royo-Letelier

Cross-lingual transfer of word embeddings aims to establish the semantic mappings among words in different languages by learning the transformation functions over the corresponding word embedding spaces. Successfully solving this problem…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-12 Ruochen Xu , Yiming Yang , Naoki Otani , Yuexin Wu

We present a novel and scalable label embedding framework for large-scale multi-label learning a.k.a ExMLDS (Extreme Multi-Label Learning using Distributional Semantics). Our approach draws inspiration from ideas rooted in distributional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Rahul Wadbude , Vivek Gupta , Piyush Rai , Nagarajan Natarajan , Harish Karnick , Prateek Jain