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Magnetic activity and rotation are known to be intimately linked for low-mass stars. Understanding rotation evolution over the stellar lifetime is therefore an important goal within stellar astrophysics. In recent years, there has been…

The evolution of the magnetism, winds and rotation of low-mass stars are all linked. One of the most common ways to probe the magnetic properties of low-mass stars is with the Zeeman-Doppler imaging (ZDI) technique. The magnetic properties…

Zeeman-Doppler imaging (ZDI) is used to reconstruct the surface magnetic field of late-type stars from high resolution spectropolarimetric observations. The results are usually described in terms of characteristics of the field topology,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-23 Thomas Hackman , Oleg Kochukhov , Mariangela Viviani , Jörn Warnecke , Maarit J. Korpi-Lagg , Jyri J. Lehtinen

Low-mass stars are known to have magnetic fields that are believed to be of dynamo origin. Two complementary techniques are principally used to characterise them. Zeeman-Doppler imaging (ZDI) can determine the geometry of the large-scale…

Zeeman-Doppler imaging is a spectropolarimetric technique that is used to map the large-scale surface magnetic fields of stars. These maps in turn are used to study the structure of the stars' coronae and winds. This method, however, misses…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 P. Lang , M. Jardine , J. Morin , J-F. Donati , S. Jeffers , A. A. Vidotto , R. Fares

Main sequence low-mass stars are known to spin-down as a consequence of their magnetised stellar winds. However, estimating the precise rate of this spin-down is an open problem. The mass-loss rate, angular momentum-loss rate and the…

For nearly a decade, observations have shown that many older Sun-like stars spin faster than predicted, a phenomenon known as weakened magnetic braking (WMB). The leading hypothesis for WMB is a weakening of the large-scale dipole field,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-17 Federica Chiti , Oleg Kochukhov , Jennifer L. van Saders , Travis S. Metcalfe

Magnetic fields of cool stars can be directly investigated through the study of the Zeeman effect on photospheric spectral lines using several approaches. With spectroscopic measurement in unpolarised light, the total magnetic flux averaged…

The large-scale magnetic fields of stars can be obtained with the Zeeman-Doppler-Imaging (ZDI) technique, but their interpretation is still challenging as the contribution of the small-scale field or the reliability of the reconstructed…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-09 L. T. Lehmann , G. A. J. Hussain , M. M. Jardine , D. H. Mackay , A. A. Vidotto

Global magnetic fields of active solar-like stars are nowadays routinely detected with spectropolarimetric measurements and are mapped with Zeeman-Doppler imaging (ZDI). However, due to the cancellation of opposite field polarities,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-25 O. Kochukhov , T. Hackman , J. J. Lehtinen , A. Wehrhahn

We use the magnetic field components measured by Zeeman Doppler imaging (ZDI) to calculate the stellar surface force and torque due to magnetic stresses for the fast rotators $\sigma$ Ori E, 36 Lyn and CU Vir, and the slow rotator $\tau$…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-17 James MacDonald , Tali Natan , Véronique Petit , Oleg Kochukhov , Matthew E. Shultz

Zeeman-Doppler imaging (ZDI) is used to study the surface magnetic field topology of stars, based on high-resolution spectropolarimetric time series observations. Multiple ZDI inversions have been conducted for the early B-type star tau…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-02 Jennifer Rosina Andersson , Oleg Kochukhov , Zheng Zhao , Jens Sjölund

Stellar winds are thought to be the main process responsible for the spin down of main-sequence stars. The extraction of angular momentum by a magnetized wind has been studied for decades, leading to several formulations for the resulting…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-03 Victor Réville , Allan Sacha Brun , Sean Matt , Antoine Strugarek , Rui Pinto

Recent advances in spectropolarimetry have allowed the reconstruction of stellar coronal magnetic fields. This uses Zeeman-Doppler magnetograms of the surface magnetic field as a lower boundary condition. The ZDI maps, however, suffer from…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Colin Johnstone , Moira Jardine , Duncan Mackay

We present a technique that combines Zeeman Doppler imaging (ZDI) principles with a potential field mapping prescription in order to gain more information about the surface field topology of rapid rotators. This technique is an improvement…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 G. A. J. Hussain , M. Jardine , A. Collier Cameron

Zeeman Doppler Imaging is a powerful tool for characterizing the strength and topology of stellar magnetic fields. In this research note, we present a new way to visualize the typical results from ZDI for an ensemble of stars, addressing…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-11 J. Sebastian Pineda , James R. A. Davenport

Significant progress has been made recently in our understanding of the structure of stellar magnetic fields, thanks to advances in detection methods such as Zeeman-Doppler Imaging. The extrapolation of this surface magnetic field into the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Doris Arzoumanian , Moira Jardine , Jean-François Donati , Julien Morin , Colin Johnstone

Stellar magnetic dynamos are driven by rotation, rapidly rotating stars produce stronger magnetic fields than slowly rotating stars do. The Zeeman effect is the most important indicator of magnetic fields, but Zeeman broadening must be…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Ansgar Reiners

Aims: The goal of this study is to perform numerical tests of Zeeman Doppler Imaging (ZDI) to asses whether correct reconstruction of magnetic fields is at all possible without taking temperature into account for stars in which magnetic and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2012-11-13 Lisa Rosén , Oleg Kochukhov

Zeeman-Doppler Imaging (ZDI) is a powerful inversion method to reconstruct stellar magnetic surface fields. The reconstruction process is usually solved by translating the inverse problem into a regularized least-square or optimization…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 T. A. Carroll , M. Kopf , K. G. Strassmeier , I. Ilyin
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