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In this paper, we propose a generic and simple strategy for utilizing stochastic gradient information in optimization. The technique essentially contains two consecutive steps in each iteration: 1) computing and normalizing each block…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Adams Wei Yu , Lei Huang , Qihang Lin , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Jaime Carbonell

Momentum has become a crucial component in deep learning optimizers, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of when and why it accelerates stochastic gradient descent (SGD). To address the question of ''when'', we establish a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Jingwen Fu , Bohan Wang , Huishuai Zhang , Zhizheng Zhang , Wei Chen , Nanning Zheng

In distributed training of deep neural networks, parallel mini-batch SGD is widely used to speed up the training process by using multiple workers. It uses multiple workers to sample local stochastic gradient in parallel, aggregates all…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-11-19 Hao Yu , Sen Yang , Shenghuo Zhu

There is an increasing realization that algorithmic inductive biases are central in preventing overfitting; empirically, we often see a benign overfitting phenomenon in overparameterized settings for natural learning algorithms, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Difan Zou , Jingfeng Wu , Vladimir Braverman , Quanquan Gu , Sham M. Kakade

Stochastic alternating direction method of multipliers (SADMM) is a popular method for solving nonconvex nonsmooth optimization in various applications. However, it typically requires an empirical selection of the static batch size for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Jiachen Jin , Kangkang Deng , Boyu Wang , Hongxia Wang

Recent deep learning models are difficult to train using a large batch size, because commodity machines may not have enough memory to accommodate both the model and a large data batch size. The batch size is one of the hyper-parameters used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 XinYu Piao , DoangJoo Synn , JooYoung Park , Jong-Kook Kim

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) has proven to be remarkably effective in optimizing deep neural networks that employ ever-larger numbers of parameters. Yet, improving the efficiency of large-scale optimization remains a vital and highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Frithjof Gressmann , Zach Eaton-Rosen , Carlo Luschi

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a standard optimization method to minimize a training error with respect to network parameters in modern neural network learning. However, it typically suffers from proliferation of saddle points in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Haiping Huang , Taro Toyoizumi

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) has played a central role in machine learning. However, it requires a carefully hand-picked stepsize for fast convergence, which is notoriously tedious and time-consuming to tune. Over the last several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Zhenxun Zhuang , Ashok Cutkosky , Francesco Orabona

We analyze a batched variant of Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) with weighted sampling distribution for smooth and non-smooth objective functions. We show that by distributing the batches computationally, a significant speedup in the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-03-02 Deanna Needell , Rachel Ward

A framework previously introduced in [3] for solving a sequence of stochastic optimization problems with bounded changes in the minimizers is extended and applied to machine learning problems such as regression and classification. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Craig Wilson , Yuheng Bu , Venugopal Veeravalli

Understanding the bottlenecks in implementing stochastic gradient descent (SGD)-based distributed support vector machines (SVM) algorithm is important in training larger data sets. The communication time to do the model synchronization…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-06 Vibhatha Abeykoon , Geoffrey Fox , Minje Kim

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is the standard numerical method used to solve the core optimization problem for the vast majority of machine learning (ML) algorithms. In the context of large scale learning, as utilized by many Big Data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-10-06 Janis Keuper , Franz-Josef Pfreundt

Distributed training is an effective way to accelerate the training process of large-scale deep learning models. However, the parameter exchange and synchronization of distributed stochastic gradient descent introduce a large amount of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-16 LingFei Dai , Boyu Diao , Chao Li , Yongjun Xu

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is the main approach for training deep networks: it moves towards the optimum of the cost function by iteratively updating the parameters of a model in the direction of the gradient of the loss evaluated on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Loris Nanni , Gianluca Maguolo , Alessandra Lumini

The generalization performance of a machine learning algorithm such as a neural network depends in a non-trivial way on the structure of the data distribution. To analyze the influence of data structure on test loss dynamics, we study an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-16 Blake Bordelon , Cengiz Pehlevan

Recent findings by Cohen et al., 2021, demonstrate that when training neural networks using full-batch gradient descent with a step size of $\eta$, the largest eigenvalue $\lambda_{\max}$ of the full-batch Hessian consistently stabilizes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Arseniy Andreyev , Pierfrancesco Beneventano

Recent work suggests that (stochastic) gradient descent self-organizes near an instability boundary, shaping both optimization and the solutions found. Momentum and mini-batch gradients are widely used in practical deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Arseniy Andreyev , Advikar Ananthkumar , Marc Walden , Tomaso Poggio , Pierfrancesco Beneventano

While stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is one of the major workhorses in machine learning, the learning properties of many practically used variants are poorly understood. In this paper, we consider least squares learning in a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-28 Nicole Mücke , Gergely Neu , Lorenzo Rosasco

In an increasing number of domains it has been demonstrated that deep learning models can be trained using relatively large batch sizes without sacrificing data efficiency. However the limits of this massive data parallelism seem to differ…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Sam McCandlish , Jared Kaplan , Dario Amodei , OpenAI Dota Team