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Despite the conventional wisdom that proactive security is superior to reactive security, we show that reactive security can be competitive with proactive security as long as the reactive defender learns from past attacks instead of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-05-14 Adam Barth , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein , Mukund Sundararajan , John C. Mitchell , Dawn Song , Peter L. Bartlett

We study optimal execution in markets with transient price impact in a competitive setting with $N$ traders. Motivated by prior negative results on the existence of pure Nash equilibria, we consider randomized strategies for the traders and…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2026-05-19 Steven Campbell , Marcel Nutz

Motivated by the scarcity of accurate payoff feedback in practical applications of game theory, we examine a class of learning dynamics where players adjust their choices based on past payoff observations that are subject to noise and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-06-03 Mario Bravo , Panayotis Mertikopoulos

Deep Neural Network (DNN) classifiers are vulnerable to adversarial attack, where an imperceptible perturbation could result in misclassification. However, the vulnerability of DNN-based image ranking systems remains under-explored. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Mo Zhou , Zhenxing Niu , Le Wang , Qilin Zhang , Gang Hua

Adversarial machine learning concerns situations in which learners face attacks from active adversaries. Such scenarios arise in applications such as spam email filtering, malware detection and fake image generation, where security methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 David Benfield , Stefano Coniglio , Phan Tu Vuong , Alain Zemkoho

Motivated by safety-critical applications, test-time attacks on classifiers via adversarial examples has recently received a great deal of attention. However, there is a general lack of understanding on why adversarial examples arise;…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-20 Yizhen Wang , Somesh Jha , Kamalika Chaudhuri

In our recent work (Bubeck, Price, Razenshteyn, arXiv:1805.10204) we argued that adversarial examples in machine learning might be due to an inherent computational hardness of the problem. More precisely, we constructed a binary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Sébastien Bubeck , Yin Tat Lee , Eric Price , Ilya Razenshteyn

In zero-sum games, the optimal strategy is well-defined by the Nash equilibrium. However, it is overly conservative when playing against suboptimal opponents and it can not exploit their weaknesses. Limited look-ahead game solving in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-04 David Milec , Ondřej Kubíček , Viliam Lisý

Adversarial attacks have the potential to mislead deep neural network classifiers by introducing slight perturbations. Developing algorithms that can mitigate the effects of these attacks is crucial for ensuring the safe use of artificial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Boya Zhang , Weijian Luo , Zhihua Zhang

Recent work has demonstrated that deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples---inputs that are almost indistinguishable from natural data and yet classified incorrectly by the network. In fact, some of the latest findings…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-06 Aleksander Madry , Aleksandar Makelov , Ludwig Schmidt , Dimitris Tsipras , Adrian Vladu

Current research on defending against adversarial examples focuses primarily on achieving robustness against a single attack type such as $\ell_2$ or $\ell_{\infty}$-bounded attacks. However, the space of possible perturbations is much…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Sihui Dai , Chong Xiang , Tong Wu , Prateek Mittal

Strategic randomization is a key principle in game theory, yet it remains underexplored in large language models (LLMs). Prior work often conflates the cognitive decision to randomize with the mechanical generation of randomness, leading to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Lingyu Yang

In this article I describe a research agenda for securing machine learning models against adversarial inputs at test time. This article does not present results but instead shares some of my thoughts about where I think that the field needs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Ian Goodfellow

Adversarial examples are a pervasive phenomenon of machine learning models where seemingly imperceptible perturbations to the input lead to misclassifications for otherwise statistically accurate models. In this paper we study how the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Marc Khoury

Making learners robust to adversarial perturbation at test time (i.e., evasion attacks) or training time (i.e., poisoning attacks) has emerged as a challenging task. It is known that for some natural settings, sublinear perturbations in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-07 Saeed Mahloujifar , Mohammad Mahmoody

The safety and robustness of learning-based decision-making systems are under threats from adversarial examples, as imperceptible perturbations can mislead neural networks to completely different outputs. In this paper, we present an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Chao Tang , Yifei Fan , Anthony Yezzi

We identify a trade-off between robustness and accuracy that serves as a guiding principle in the design of defenses against adversarial examples. Although this problem has been widely studied empirically, much remains unknown concerning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Hongyang Zhang , Yaodong Yu , Jiantao Jiao , Eric P. Xing , Laurent El Ghaoui , Michael I. Jordan

State-of-art deep neural networks (DNN) are vulnerable to attacks by adversarial examples: a carefully designed small perturbation to the input, that is imperceptible to human, can mislead DNN. To understand the root cause of adversarial…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-29 Xupeng Shi , A. Adam Ding

Deep Neural Network classifiers are vulnerable to adversarial attack, where an imperceptible perturbation could result in misclassification. However, the vulnerability of DNN-based image ranking systems remains under-explored. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Mo Zhou , Le Wang , Zhenxing Niu , Qilin Zhang , Nanning Zheng , Gang Hua

This paper investigates recently proposed approaches for defending against adversarial examples and evaluating adversarial robustness. We motivate 'adversarial risk' as an objective for achieving models robust to worst-case inputs. We then…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Jonathan Uesato , Brendan O'Donoghue , Aaron van den Oord , Pushmeet Kohli