English
Related papers

Related papers: Reconstructing particle number distributions with …

200 papers

In heavy ion collisions particle distributions fluctuate from event to event. It is interesting to study local fluctuations of a specific particle specie, e.g. baryons, in the transverse plane. Fluctuations of the harmonic flow provide an…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-01-16 Piotr Bozek

Data from Au + Au interactions at sqrt(s_NN) = 130 GeV, obtained with the PHENIX detector at RHIC, are used to investigate local net charge fluctuations among particles produced near mid-rapidity. According to recent suggestions, such…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2008-11-26 K. Adcox

A study of the first four moments (mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis) and their products ($\kappa\sigma^{2}$ and $S\sigma$) of the net-charge and net-proton distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{\rm s_{NN}}$ = 7.7-200 GeV from…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2015-06-11 Terence J. Tarnowsky , Gary D. Westfall

Fluctuation measurements are important sources of information on the mechanism of particle production at LHC energies. This article reports the first experimental results on third-order cumulants of the net-proton distributions in Pb$-$Pb…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2023-11-28 ALICE Collaboration

A primary objective in high-energy heavy-ion collisions is to investigate the phase transition between confined and deconfined color matter. Complementary to the cumulants of conserved charges integrated over the full azimuth, we introduce…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-06-04 Dylan Neff , Zhongling Ji , Roli Esha , Gang Wang , Huan Huang

Fluctuations of conserved charges are a golden channel for measuring a QCD critical point in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. These fluctuations are quantified by measuring high-order cumulants of baryon-number distributions at a given…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-10-17 Zachary Sweger , Daniel Cebra , Xin Dong

Within the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model, in which the Lorentz-covariant treatment of nuclear mean-field potential is considered, the fluctuations of net-baryon, net-charge and deuterons multiplicity…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-04-27 Yunxiao Ye , Yongjia Wang , Qingfeng Li , Dinghui Lu , Fuqiang Wang

Non-statistical event-by-event mean-pt fluctuations in Au + Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 130 and 200 GeV are analyzed in AMPT with string-melting, and the results are compared with STAR data. The analysis suggests that in-medium elastic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Qing-Jun Liu , Wei-Qin Zhao

We present various order moments (Variance ($\sigma^2$), Skewness($S$), Kurtosis($\kappa$)) of net-proton multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions from the first phase of RHIC beam energy scan ({\sNN}=7.7$-$200 GeV). The measurements…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Xiaofeng Luo

The measurement of particle correlations and fluctuations has been suggested as a method to search for the existence of a phase transition in relativistic heavy ion collisions. If quark-gluon matter is formed in the collision of…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Terence J. Tarnowsky

We report precision measurements on cumulants ($C_{n}$) and factorial cumulants ($\kappa_{n}$) of (net-)proton number distributions up to fourth-order in Au+Au collisions from phase II of the Beam Energy Scan program at RHIC. (Anti-)protons…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2025-04-02 The STAR Collaboration

We formulate a baseline model for the net-proton number fluctuations in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. Our model includes total baryon number conservation, fluctuations of the participating nucleon number, limited acceptance, and a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-03-29 Boris Tomasik , Ivan Melo , Lukas Laffers , Marcus Bleicher

Hard scattered partons are predicted to be well calibrated probes of the hot and dense medium produced in heavy ion collisions. Interactions of these partons with the medium w ill result in modifications of internal jet structure in Au+Au…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Jan Kapitan

We review recent results of net-proton multiplicity fluctuations from STAR experiment, aiming to locate the QCD critical point in high-energy nuclear collisions at RHIC. We show net-proton number cumulant and proton number factorial…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2026-04-15 Yu Zhang , Zhaohui Wang , Xiaofeng Luo , Nu Xu

Event by event fluctuations of particle multiplicities and their ratios are considered to be sensitive probes to the exotic phenomena in high energy heavy ion collisions like phase transtion or the occurence of critical point. These…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-08-22 S. Ahmad , M. Farooq , S. Bashir , H. jahan , N. Ahmad , S. Chattopadhyay

Event-by-event fluctuations of the baryon number, which is mostly carried by protons and neutrons, in relativistic heavy-ion collisions provide a sensitive probe for locating the conjectured critical point in the quantum chromodynamics…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-12-24 Yi-Heng Feng , Che Ming Ko , Xiaofeng Luo , Yu-Gang Ma , Kai-Jia Sun , Song Zhang

Net-proton number fluctuations can be measured experimentally and hence provide a source of important information about the matter created during relativistic heavy ion collisions. Particularly, they may give us clues about the conjectured…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-07-19 Michał Szymański , Marcus Bluhm , Krzysztof Redlich , Chihiro Sasaki

We analyze here in details the probability to find a given number of particles in a finite volume inside a normal or superfluid finite system. This probability, also known as counting statistics, is obtained using projection operator…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-01-22 Denis Lacroix , Sakir Ayik

Proton number fluctuation is sensitive observable to search for the QCD critical point in heavy-ion collisions. In this paper, we studied rapidity acceptance dependence of the proton cumulants and correlation functions in most central Au+Au…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2020-03-18 Yu Zhang , Shu He , Hui Liu , Zhenzhen Yang , Xiaofeng Luo

This work presents measurements of the rapidity-window dependence of event-by-event net-proton cumulants and proton factorial cumulants in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}=$7.7 -- 27 GeV, using high-statistics data from RHIC…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2025-12-19 Yige Huang