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The recent controversy of applicability of quantum formalism to brain dynamics has been critically analysed. The prerequisites for any type of quantum formalism or quantum field theory is to investigate whether the anatomical structure of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sisir Roy , Menas Kafatos

The mathematical formalism of quantum theory has been successfully used in human cognition to model decision processes and to deliver representations of human knowledge. As such, quantum cognition inspired tools have improved technologies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-12-31 Diederik Aerts , Jan Broekaert , Sandro Sozzo , Tomas Veloz

In this paper we present a neural oscillator model of stimulus response theory that exhibits quantum-like behavior. We then show that without adding any additional assumptions, a quantum model constructed to fit observable pairwise…

Biological Physics · Physics 2014-04-07 J. Acacio de Barros

In quantum computation and information science, the geometrical representations based on the Bloch sphere representation for transformations of two state systems have been traditionally used. While this representation is very useful for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rahul Bijurkar

Review of tomographic probability representation of quantum states is presented both for oscillator systems with continious variables and spin--systems with discrete variables. New entropic--information inequalities are obtained for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-12 Vladimir N. Chernega , Olga V. Man'ko , Vladimir I. Man'ko

The Bloch Sphere visualization of the possible states of a single qubit has proved a useful pedagogical and conceptual tool as a one-to-one map between qubit states and points in a 3-D space. However, understanding many important concepts…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-31 Li-Heng Henry Chang , Shea Roccaforte , Ziyu Xu , Paul Cadden-Zimansky

We present a new and feasible test proving quantum contextuality in four-dimensional Hiltbert space. In our scheme, a contradiction between quantum mechanics and noncontextual hidden variables is revealed through the measurement statistics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-06-27 Yoshihiro Nambu

The purpose of the paper is to study the foundations of the main axioms of Quantum Mechanics. From a general study of the mathematical properties of the models used in Physics to represent systems, we prove that the states of a system can…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-07-02 Jean Claude Dutailly

Over the past two decades, quantum-like modeling (QLM) has emerged as a powerful framework for describing non-classical features of cognition and decision-making. Rather than assuming physical quantum processes in the brain, QLM employs the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-05 Andrei Khrennikov , Felix Benninger , Oded Shor

The qutrit comes next in complexity after qubit as a resource for quantum information processing. The qubit density matrix can be easily visualized using Bloch sphere representation of its states. In contrast, this simplicity is in general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-29 Vinod K. Mishra

The question of a hidden variable interpretation of quantum contextuality in the Mermin-Peres square is considered. The Kochen-Specker theorem implies that quantum mechanics may be interpreted as a contextual hidden variable theory. It is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-04 Brian R. La Cour

In the absence of a satisfactory interpretation of quantum theory, physical law lacks physical basis. This paper reviews the orthodox, or Dirac-von Neumann interpretation, and makes explicit that Hilbert space describes propositions about…

General Physics · Physics 2019-08-20 Charles Francis

The quantum mechanical formalism doesn't support our intuition, nor does it elucidate the key concepts that govern the behaviour of the entities that are subject to the laws of quantum physics. The arrays of complex numbers are kin to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Bob Coecke

In the Contextuality-by-Default theory random variables representing measurement outcomes are labeled contextually, i.e., not only by what they measure but also under what conditions (in what contexts) the measurements are made, including…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-11 Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov

We demonstrate how Quantum Cognition Machine Learning (QCML) encodes data as quantum geometry. In QCML, features of the data are represented by learned Hermitian matrices, and data points are mapped to states in Hilbert space. The quantum…

We present the mathematical model of decision making (DM) of agents acting in a complex and uncertain environment (combining huge variety of economical, financial, behavioral, and geo-political factors). To describe interaction of agents…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-10-25 F. Bagarello , A. Khrennikov , E. Haven

In the previous article, we presented a quantum-inspired framework for modeling semantic representation and processing in Large Language Models (LLMs), drawing upon mathematical tools and conceptual analogies from quantum mechanics to offer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Timo Aukusti Laine

Despite the impressive success of quantum structures to model long-standing human judgement and decision puzzles, the {\it quantum cognition research programme} still faces challenges about its explanatory power. Indeed, quantum models…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-04-05 Sandro Sozzo

Quantum decision theory (QDT) is a recently developed theory of decision making based on the mathematics of Hilbert spaces, a framework known in physics for its application to quantum mechanics. This framework formalizes the concept of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-12-28 M. Favre , A. Wittwer , H. R. Heinimann , V. I. Yukalov , D. Sornette

Over the last years, in a series papers by Arrechi and others, a model for the cognitive processes involved in decision making has been proposed and investigated. The key element of this model is the expression of apprehension and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2015-11-20 Yukio-Pegio Gunji , Kohei Sonoda , Vasileios Basios