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In this paper, we derive a useful lower bound for the Kullback-Leibler divergence (KL-divergence) based on the Hammersley-Chapman-Robbins bound (HCRB). The HCRB states that the variance of an estimator is bounded from below by the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-05 Tomohiro Nishiyama

The capability of a novel Kullback-Leibler divergence method is examined herein within the Kalman filter framework to select the input-parameter-state estimation execution with the most plausible results. This identification suffers from…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-05 Marios Impraimakis

We present several generative and predictive algorithms based on the RKHS (reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces) methodology, which, most importantly, are scale up efficiently with large datasets or high-dimensional data. It is well recognized…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-12 Philippe G. LeFloch , Jean-Marc Mercier , Shohruh Miryusupov

We study the fundamental and timely problem of learning long sequences in autoregressive modeling and next-token prediction under model misspecification, measured by the joint Kullback--Leibler (KL) divergence. Our goal is to characterize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yunbei Xu , Yuzhe Yuan , Ruohan Zhan

The deepening penetration of renewable resources into power systems entails great difficulties that have not been surmounted satisfactorily. An issue that merits special attention is the short-term planning of power systems under net load…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-15 Ogun Yurdakul , Fikret Sivrikaya , Sahin Albayrak

We examine the estimation of the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence and the use of the goodness-of-fit test for multivariate continuous distributions. Our starting point is the maximum entropy principle for Shannon entropy: among all…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Mehmet Siddik Cadirci , Martin Singull

In this paper, we discuss a property of the Kullback--Leibler divergence measured between two models of the family of the location-scale distributions. We show that, if model $M_1$ and model $M_2$ are represented by location-scale…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-04-08 Cristiano Villa

The concept of Label Distribution Learning (LDL) is a technique to stabilize classification and regression problems with ambiguous and/or imbalanced labels. A prototypical use-case of LDL is human age estimation based on profile images.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Maurice Günder , Nico Piatkowski , Christian Bauckhage

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as a promising approach for energy-efficient and biologically plausible computation. However, due to limitations in existing training methods and inherent model constraints, SNNs often exhibit a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Tianqing Zhang , Zixin Zhu , Kairong Yu , Hongwei Wang

Existing rotated object detectors are mostly inherited from the horizontal detection paradigm, as the latter has evolved into a well-developed area. However, these detectors are difficult to perform prominently in high-precision detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Xue Yang , Xiaojiang Yang , Jirui Yang , Qi Ming , Wentao Wang , Qi Tian , Junchi Yan

We propose a new point of view for regularizing deep neural networks by using the norm of a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). Even though this norm cannot be computed, it admits upper and lower approximations leading to various…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-15 Alberto Bietti , Grégoire Mialon , Dexiong Chen , Julien Mairal

Maximizing the Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) is a fundamental problem in waveform design for active sensing and hypothesis testing, as it directly relates to the error exponent of detection probability. However, the associated…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-05 Jeongwoo Park , Seongkyu Jung , Kaiming Shen , Jeonghun Park

Kernel methods are one of the cornerstones of learning-based control, modern system identification, surrogate modelling, and related fields. A key advantage of this class of learning and function approximation methods is the availability of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-20 Tizian Wenzel , Abdullah Tokmak , Christian Fiedler

This work presents an upper-bound to value that the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence can reach for a class of probability distributions called quantum distributions (QD). The aim is to find a distribution $U$ which maximizes the KL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Vincenzo Bonnici

The Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence is not a proper distance metric and does not satisfy the triangle inequality, posing theoretical challenges in certain practical applications. Existing work has demonstrated that KL divergence between…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-03 Shiji Xiao , Yufeng Zhang , Chubo Liu , Yan Ding , Keqin Li , Kenli Li

Diffusion models are a new class of generative models that revolve around the estimation of the score function associated with a stochastic differential equation. Subsequent to its acquisition, the approximated score function is then…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Giovanni Conforti , Alain Durmus , Marta Gentiloni Silveri

Variable selection is essential in high-dimensional data analysis. Although various variable selection methods have been developed, most rely on the linear model assumption. This article proposes a nonparametric variable selection method…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-30 Jongkyeong Kang , Seung Jun Shin

Bayesian networks (BNs) are a foundational model in machine learning and causal inference. Their graphical structure can handle high-dimensional problems, divide them into a sparse collection of smaller ones, underlies Judea Pearl's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Marco Scutari

Knowledge distillation (KD), transferring knowledge from a cumbersome teacher model to a lightweight student model, has been investigated to design efficient neural architectures. Generally, the objective function of KD is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Taehyeon Kim , Jaehoon Oh , NakYil Kim , Sangwook Cho , Se-Young Yun

The improvement in the performance of efficient and lightweight models (i.e., the student model) is achieved through knowledge distillation (KD), which involves transferring knowledge from more complex models (i.e., the teacher model).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Seonghak Kim , Gyeongdo Ham , Yucheol Cho , Daeshik Kim