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Artificial intelligence (AI) has achieved superhuman performance in a growing number of tasks, but understanding and explaining AI remain challenging. This paper clarifies the connections between machine-learning algorithms to develop AIs…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-04-04 Mitsuru Igami

Recently, there have been several high-profile achievements of agents learning to play games against humans and beat them. In this paper, we study the problem of training intelligent agents in service of game development. Unlike the agents…

Chess has long been a testbed for AI's quest to match human intelligence, and in recent years, chess AI systems have surpassed the strongest humans at the game. However, these systems are not human-aligned; they are unable to match the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yiming Zhang , Athul Paul Jacob , Vivian Lai , Daniel Fried , Daphne Ippolito

In this paper, we propose to disentangle and interpret contextual effects that are encoded in a pre-trained deep neural network. We use our method to explain the gaming strategy of the alphaGo Zero model. Unlike previous studies that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-09 Zenan Ling , Haotian Ma , Yu Yang , Robert C. Qiu , Song-Chun Zhu , Quanshi Zhang

Artificial intelligence (AI) is supposed to help us make better choices. Some of these choices are small, like what route to take to work, or what music to listen to. Others are big, like what treatment to administer for a disease or how…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Bryce Goodman

With AlphaGo defeats top human players, reinforcement learning(RL) algorithms have gradually become the code-base of building stronger artificial intelligence(AI). The RL algorithm design firstly needs to adapt to the specific environment,…

Despite rapid technological progress, effective human-machine cooperation remains a significant challenge. Humans tend to cooperate less with machines than with fellow humans, a phenomenon known as the machine penalty. Here, we show that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Zhen Wang , Ruiqi Song , Chen Shen , Shiya Yin , Zhao Song , Balaraju Battu , Lei Shi , Danyang Jia , Talal Rahwan , Shuyue Hu

AlphaZero-style reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have achieved superhuman performance in many complex board games such as Chess, Shogi, and Go. However, we showcase that these algorithms encounter significant and fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Bei Zhou , Søren Riis

Artificial Intelligence (AI) increasingly shows its potential to outperform predicate logic algorithms and human control alike. In automatically deriving a system model, AI algorithms learn relations in data that are not detectable for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Simon Daniel Duque Anton , Daniel Schneider , Hans Dieter Schotten

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as large language models (LLMs) are already altering student learning. Unlike previous technologies, LLMs can independently solve problems regardless of student understanding, yet are not always…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-09-04 Eric Gao

Over the past decade, AI has made a remarkable progress. It is agreed that this is due to the recently revived Deep Learning technology. Deep Learning enables to process large amounts of data using simplified neuron networks that simulate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-02-19 Emanuel Diamant

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in high-stakes domains, their ability to reason strategically under uncertainty becomes critical. Poker provides a rigorous testbed, requiring not only strong actions but also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Minhua Lin , Enyan Dai , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Yuliang Yan , Zhenwei Dai , Jingying Zeng , Zhiwei Zhang , Fali Wang , Hongcheng Gao , Chen Luo , Xiang Zhang , Qi He , Suhang Wang

Machine learning has become a very popular approach for cybernetics systems, and it has always been considered important research in the Computational Intelligence area. Nevertheless, when it comes to smart machines, it is not just about…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Chang-Shing Lee , Mei-Hui Wang , Li-Wei Ko , Naoyuki Kubota , Lu-An Lin , Shinya Kitaoka , Yu-Te Wang , Shun-Feng Su

The Werewolf game is a social deduction game based on free natural language communication, in which players try to deceive others in order to survive. An important feature of this game is that a large portion of the conversations are false…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Hisaichi Shibata , Soichiro Miki , Yuta Nakamura

This paper attempts to address the issues of machine learning in its current implementation. It is known that machine learning algorithms require a significant amount of data for training purposes, whereas recent developments in deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Georgios Mastorakis

The game of Tetris is an important benchmark for research in artificial intelligence and machine learning. This paper provides a historical account of the algorithmic developments in Tetris and discusses open challenges. Handcrafted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Simón Algorta , Özgür Şimşek

Recent success in deep reinforcement learning is having an agent learn how to play Go and beat the world champion without any prior knowledge of the game. In that task, the agent has to make a decision on what action to take based on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Ankit Shah , Tyler Vuong

Over the past decade, AI has made a remarkable progress due to recently revived Deep Learning technology. Deep Learning enables to process large amounts of data using simplified neuron networks that simulate the way in which the brain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-05-26 Emanuel Diamant

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a buzz word since Google's AlphaGo beat a world champion in 2017. In the past five years, machine learning as a subset of the broader category of AI has obtained considerable attention in the research…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-10-22 Mengqi Wang , Krishna Kumar , Y. T. Feng , Tongming Qu , Min Wang

The game industry is moving into an era where old-style game engines are being replaced by re-engineered systems with embedded machine learning technologies for the operation, analysis and understanding of game play. In this paper, we…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Yilei Zeng , Aayush Shah , Jameson Thai , Michael Zyda