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Tie-breaker experimental designs are hybrids of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and Regression Discontinuity Designs (RDDs) in which subjects with moderate scores are placed in an RCT while subjects with extreme scores are…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-24 Dan M. Kluger , Art B. Owen

We introduce a nonparametric bootstrap procedure based on a dynamic factor model to construct pointwise prediction intervals for period life-table death counts. The age distribution of death counts is an example of constrained data, which…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-17 Han Lin Shang

Conventionally, a first-in-human phase I trial in healthy volunteers aims to confirm the safety of a drug in humans. In such situations, volunteers should not suffer from any safety issues and simple algorithm-based dose-escalation schemes…

Minimizing the number of patients exposed to potentially harmful drugs in early onco logical trials is a major concern during planning. Adaptive designs account for the inherent uncertainty about the true effect size by determining the…

Applications · Statistics 2016-05-03 Kevin Kunzmann , Meinhard Kieser

In this paper, we study the design and analysis of experiments conducted on a set of units over multiple time periods where the starting time of the treatment may vary by unit. The design problem involves selecting an initial treatment time…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-09-27 Ruoxuan Xiong , Susan Athey , Mohsen Bayati , Guido Imbens

We extend recently proposed design-based capture-recapture (CRC) methods for prevalence estimation among registry participants, in order to enhance treatment effect evaluation among a trial-eligible target population. The so-called ``anchor…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-28 Lin Ge , Yuzi Zhang , Lance A. Waller , Robert H. Lyles

Recent FDA guidance on adaptive clinical trial designs defines bias as "a systematic tendency for the estimate of treatment effect to deviate from its true value", and states that it is desirable to obtain and report estimates of treatment…

A common problem faced in clinical studies is that of estimating the effect of the most effective (e.g., the one having the largest mean) treatment among $k~(\geq2)$ available treatments. The most effective treatment is adjudged based on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-20 Masihuddin , Neeraj Misra

This paper presents an algorithm to apply nonlinear control design approaches in the case of stochastic systems with partial state observation. Deterministic nonlinear control approaches are formulated under the assumption of full state…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Mohammad S. Ramadan , Mohammad Alsuwaidan , Ahmed Atallah , Sylvia Herbert

Stepped-wedge designs are increasingly used in randomized experiments to accommodate logistical and ethical constraints by staggering treatment roll-out over time. Despite their popularity, existing analytical methods largely rely on…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-12 Liangbo Lyu , Bingkai Wang

Group sequential designs in clinical trials allow for interim efficacy and futility monitoring. Adjustment for baseline covariates can increase power and precision of estimated effects. However, inconsistently applying covariate adjustment…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-11 Marlena S. Bannick , Sonya L. Heltshe , Noah Simon

Evaluating the accuracy of dimensionality reduction (DR) projections in preserving the structure of high-dimensional data is crucial for reliable visual analytics. Diverse evaluation metrics targeting different structural characteristics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jiyeon Bae , Hyeon Jeon , Jinwook Seo

We consider the design of a two-arm superiority cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) with a continuous outcome. We detail Bayesian inference for the analysis of the trial using a linear mixed-effects model. The treatment is compared to…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-29 Kevin J Wilson

We consider statistical methods which invoke a min-max distributionally robust formulation to extract good out-of-sample performance in data-driven optimization and learning problems. Acknowledging the distributional uncertainty in learning…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-05 Jose Blanchet , Karthyek Murthy , Viet Anh Nguyen

When we use simulation to evaluate the performance of a stochastic system, the simulation often contains input distributions estimated from real-world data; therefore, there is both simulation and input uncertainty in the performance…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-10 Wei Xie , Barry L. Nelson , Russell R. Barton

The landscape of dose-finding designs for phase I clinical trials is rapidly shifting in the recent years, noticeably marked by the emergence of interval-based designs. We categorize them as the iDesigns and the IB-Designs. The iDesigns are…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-06-15 Yuan Ji , Shengjie Yang

Purpose: The 3+3 design has been shown to be less likely to achieve the objectives of phase I dose-finding trials when compared with more advanced model-based designs. One major criticism of the 3+3 design is that it is based on simple…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-30 Meizi Liu , Sue-Jane Wang , Yuan Ji

Dose-finding trials are a key component of the drug development process and rely on a statistical design to help inform dosing decisions. Triallists wishing to choose a design require knowledge of operating characteristics of competing…

Computation · Statistics 2025-03-11 Michael Sweeting , Daniel Slade , Dan Jackson , Kristian Brock

Clinical trials with time-to-event endpoints, such as overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS), are fundamental for evaluating new treatments, particularly in immuno-oncology. However, modern therapies, such as…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-10 James Salsbury , Jeremy Oakley , Steven Julious , Lisa Hampson

The present study aims to determine the lifetime prognosis of highly durable nondestructive one-shot devices (NOSD) units under a step-stress accelerated life testing (SSALT) experiment applying a cumulative risk model (CRM). In an SSALT…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-12 Shanya Baghel , Shuvashree Mondal