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We propose a frequentist testing procedure that maintains a defined coverage and is optimal in the sense that it gives maximal power to detect deviations from a null hypothesis when the alternative to the null hypothesis is sampled from a…

Applications · Statistics 2020-07-07 Christian Bartels , Johanna Mielke , Ekkehard Glimm

In statistical inference, uncertainty is unknown and all models are wrong. That is to say, a person who makes a statistical model and a prior distribution is simultaneously aware that both are fictional candidates. To study such cases,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Sumio Watanabe

Statistical dependence between hypotheses poses a significant challenge to the stability of large scale multiple hypotheses testing. Ignoring it often results in an unacceptably large spread in the false positive proportion even though the…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-10-15 Sairam Rayaprolu , Zhiyi Chi

This study has the purpose of addressing four questions that lie at the base of the probability theory and statistics, and includes two main steps. As first, we conduct the textual analysis of the most significant works written by eminent…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2019-01-15 Paolo Rocchi

In meta analysis, multiple hypothesis testing and many other methods, p-values are utilized as inputs and assumed to be uniformly distributed over the unit interval under the null hypotheses. If data used to generate p-values have discrete…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-24 Joshua Habiger , Pratyaydipta Rudra

Empirical research in Natural Language Processing (NLP) has adopted a narrow set of principles for assessing hypotheses, relying mainly on p-value computation, which suffers from several known issues. While alternative proposals have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Erfan Sadeqi Azer , Daniel Khashabi , Ashish Sabharwal , Dan Roth

Models with intractable likelihood functions arise in areas including network analysis and spatial statistics, especially those involving Gibbs random fields. Posterior parameter es timation in these settings is termed a doubly-intractable…

Computation · Statistics 2018-10-16 Lampros Bouranis , Nial Friel , Florian Maire

In the interpretation of experimental data, one is actually looking for plausible explanations. We look for a measure of plausibility, with which we can compare different possible explanations, and which can be combined when there are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-12-30 Wan Ahmad Tajuddin Wan Abdullah

We consider the problem of hypotheses testing with the basic simple hypothesis: observed sequence of points corresponds to stationary Poisson process with known intensity against a composite one-sided parametric alternative that this is a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Serguei Dachian , Yury A. Kutoyants

A/B tests are typically analyzed via frequentist p-values and confidence intervals; but these inferences are wholly unreliable if users endogenously choose samples sizes by *continuously monitoring* their tests. We define *always valid*…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-07-18 Ramesh Johari , Leo Pekelis , David J. Walsh

We theoretically analyze the problem of testing for $p$-hacking based on distributions of $p$-values across multiple studies. We provide general results for when such distributions have testable restrictions (are non-increasing) under the…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-05-13 Graham Elliott , Nikolay Kudrin , Kaspar Wuthrich

The Lindley distribution was first introduced by Lindley in 1958 for Bayesian computations. Over the past years, various generalizations of this distribution have been proposed by different authors. The generalized Lindley distributions…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Afshin Yaghoubi , Esmaile Khorram , Omid Naghshineh Arjmand

Total probability and Bayes formula are two basic tools for using prior information in the Bayesian statistics. In this paper we introduce an alternative tool for using prior information. This new toold enables us to improve some…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Adel Mohammadpour , Ali Mohammad-Djafari

We consider the Bayesian analysis of models in which the unknown distribution of the outcomes is specified up to a set of conditional moment restrictions. The nonparametric exponentially tilted empirical likelihood function is constructed…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-10-27 Siddhartha Chib , Minchul Shin , Anna Simoni

Empirical likelihood is a popular nonparametric statistical tool that does not require any distributional assumptions. In this paper, we explore the possibility of conducting variable selection via Bayesian empirical likelihood. We show…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-13 Yichen Cheng , Yichuan Zhao

The question of testing for equality in distribution between two linear models, each consisting of sums of distinct discrete independent random variables with unequal numbers of observations, has emerged from the biological research. In…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-01 Giulio Prevedello , Ken R. Duffy

Bayesian inference provides a flexible way of combining data with prior information. However, quantile regression is not equipped with a parametric likelihood, and therefore, Bayesian inference for quantile regression demands careful…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-07-24 Yunwen Yang , Xuming He

Bayesian hypothesis testing via Bayes factors offers a principled alternative to classical p-value methods in meta-analysis, particularly suited to its cumulative and sequential nature. Unlike commonly reported p-values for standard null…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-22 Joris Mulder , Robbie C. M. van Aert

Robust Bayesian analysis has been mainly devoted to detecting and measuring robustness w.r.t. the prior distribution. Many contributions in the literature aim to define suitable classes of priors which allow the computation of variations of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-04 Antonio Di Noia , Fabrizio Ruggeri , Antonietta Mira

We introduce a joint posterior $p$-value, an extension of the posterior predictive $p$-value for multiple test statistics, designed to address limitations of existing Bayesian $p$-values in the setting of continuous model expansion. In…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-13 Collin Cademartori