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The famous G\"odel incompleteness theorem states that for every consistent sufficiently rich formal theory T there exist true statements that are unprovable in T. Such statements would be natural candidates for being added as axioms, but…
If $f$ is a nonzero Bohr almost periodic function on $\mathbb R$ with a bounded spectrum we prove there exist $C_f > 0$ and integer $n > 0$ such that for every $u > 0$ the mean measure of the set $\{\, x \, : \, |f(x)| < u \, \}$ is less…
We show that on every product probability space, Boolean functions with small total influences are essentially the ones that are almost measurable with respect to certain natural sub-sigma algebras. This theorem in particular describes the…
Stochastic compositional optimization arises in many important machine learning tasks such as value function evaluation in reinforcement learning and portfolio management. The objective function is the composition of two expectations of…
Nisan and Szegedy (CC 1994) showed that any Boolean function $f:\{0,1\}^n\rightarrow \{0,1\}$ that depends on all its input variables, when represented as a real-valued multivariate polynomial $P(x_1,\ldots,x_n)$, has degree at least $\log…
We study Boolean functions with sparse Fourier coefficients or small spectral norm, and show their applications to the Log-rank Conjecture for XOR functions f(x\oplus y) --- a fairly large class of functions including well studied ones such…
It is shown that a large class of events in a product probability space are highly sensitive to noise, in the sense that with high probability, the configuration with an arbitrary small percent of random errors gives almost no prediction…
A coarse description of a subset A of omega is a subset D of omega such that the symmetric difference of A and D has asymptotic density 0. We study the extent to which noncomputable information can be effectively recovered from all coarse…
We present a regularity lemma for Boolean functions $f:\{-1,1\}^n \to \{-1,1\}$ based on noisy influence, a measure of how locally correlated $f$ is with each input bit. We provide an application of the regularity lemma to weaken the…
Marginalization -- summing a function over all assignments to a subset of its inputs -- is a fundamental computational problem with applications from probabilistic inference to formal verification. Despite its computational hardness in…
Gaussian bounds on noise correlation of functions play an important role in hardness of approximation, in quantitative social choice theory and in testing. The author (2008) obtained sharp gaussian bounds for the expected correlation of…
In this paper we study the complexity of quantum query algorithms computing the value of Boolean function and its relation to the degree of algebraic polynomial representing this function. We pay special attention to Boolean functions with…
Modular composition is the problem of computing the coefficient vector of the polynomial $f(g(x)) \bmod h(x)$, given as input the coefficient vectors of univariate polynomials $f$, $g$, and $h$ over an underlying field $\mathbb{F}$. While…
This paper develops an assume-guarantee (AG) framework for the compositional verification of probabilistic automata (PAs) with uncertain transition probabilities. We study parametric probabilistic automata (pPAs), where probabilities are…
A Random Access query to a string $T\in [0..\sigma)^n$ asks for the character $T[i]$ at a given position $i\in [0..n)$. In $O(n\log\sigma)$ bits of space, this fundamental task admits constant-time queries. While this is optimal in the…
In the Number On the Forehead (NOF) multiparty communication model, $k$ players want to evaluate a function $F : X_1 \times\cdots\times X_k\rightarrow Y$ on some input $(x_1,\dots,x_k)$ by broadcasting bits according to a predetermined…
We study the projection of an element of fractional Gaussian noise onto its neighbouring elements. We prove some analytic results for the coefficients of this projection, in particular, we obtain recurrence relations for them. We also make…
We prove the hardness of weakly learning halfspaces in the presence of adversarial noise using polynomial threshold functions (PTFs). In particular, we prove that for any constants $d \in \mathbb{Z}^+$ and $\varepsilon > 0$, it is NP-hard…
For a polynomial map $\mathbf{f} : k^n \to k^m$ ($k$ a field), we investigate those polynomials $g \in k[t_1,\ldots, t_n]$ that can be written as a composition $g = h \circ \mathbf{f}$, where $h: k^m \to k$ is an arbitrary function. In the…
The probabilistic satisfiability of a logical expression is a fundamental concept known as the partition function in statistical physics and field theory, an evaluation of a related graph's Tutte polynomial in mathematics, and the…