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Quantum networks, which hinge on the principles of quantum mechanics, are revolutionizing the domain of information technology. The vision for quantum networks involves the efficient distribution and utilization of quantum resources across…

Analog signals processed in digital hardware are quantized into a discrete bit-constrained representation. Quantization is typically carried out using analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), operating in a serial scalar manner. In some…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Alejandro Cohen , Nir Shlezinger , Salman Salamatian , Yonina C. Eldar , Muriel Médard

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers an unconditionally secure means of communication based on the laws of quantum mechanics. Currently, a major challenge is to achieve a QKD system with a 40 dB channel loss, which is required if we are to…

We present the implementation of a time synchronization protocol as part of an experimentally deployed entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) link. The system is deployed over 48 km of optical fibers across the M\'etropole C\^ote…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Yoann Pelet , Grégory Sauder , Sébastien Tanzilli , Olivier Alibart , Anthony Martin

The two-way quantum clock synchronization has been shown not only providing femtosecond-level synchronization capability but also security against symmetric delay attacks, thus becoming a prospective method to compare and synchronize…

We present an algorithm to detect the time and frequency difference of independent clocks based on observation of time-correlated photon pairs. This enables remote coincidence identification in entanglement-based quantum key distribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-05-17 Caleb Ho , Antia Lamas-Linares , Christian Kurtsiefer

The phenomenon of synchronization, where entities exhibit stable oscillations with aligned frequencies and phases, has been detected in diverse areas of natural science. It plays a crucial role in achieving frequency locking in multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Tong Liu , Laura García-Álvarez , Giovanna Tancredi

An improved quantum key distribution test system operating at clock rates of up to 2GHz using a specially adapted commercially available silicon single photon avalanche diode is presented. The use of improved detectors has improved the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 K. J. Gordon , V. Fernandez , G. S. Buller , I. Rech , S. D. Cova , P. D. Townsend

Phase, frequency, and time synchronization are crucial requirements for many applications, such as multi-static remote sensing and communication systems. Moreover, the synchronization solution becomes even more challenging when the nodes…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-23 Juan Merlano Duncan , Liz Martinez-Marrero , Jorge Querol , Sumit Kumar , Adriano Camps , Symeon Chatzinotas , Bjorn Ottersten

In practical implementation of quantum key distributions (QKD), it requires efficient, real-time feedback control to maintain system stability when facing disturbance from either external environment or imperfect internal components.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-07 Jing-Yang Liu , Hua-Jian Ding , Chun-Mei Zhang , Shi-Peng Xie , Qin Wang

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two remote users to establish a secret key in the presence of an eavesdropper. The users share quantum states prepared in two mutually-unbiased bases: one to generate the key while the other monitors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-03 Nurul T. Islam , Charles Ci Wen Lim , Clinton Cahall , Jungsang Kim , Daniel J. Gauthier

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols with threshold detectors are driving high-performance QKD demonstrations. The corresponding security proofs usually assume that all physical detectors have the same detection efficiency. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-02 Yanbao Zhang , Patrick J. Coles , Adam Winick , Jie Lin , Norbert Lutkenhaus

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) allows to achieve information-theoretic secure communications, providing high key generation rates which cannot in principle be obtained by QKD protocols with binary encoding. Nonetheless, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-22 I. Vagniluca , B. Da Lio , D. Rusca , D. Cozzolino , Y. Ding , H. Zbinden , A. Zavatta , L. K. Oxenløwe , D. Bacco

Ideal quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols call for a source that emits single photon signals, but the sources used in typical practical realizations emit weak coherent states instead. A weak coherent state may contain more than one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hoi-Kwong Lo , John Preskill

We present and demonstrate a new protocol for practical quantum cryptography, tailored for an implementation with weak coherent pulses to obtain a high key generation rate. The key is obtained by a simple time-of-arrival measurement on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Damien Stucki , Nicolas Brunner , Nicolas Gisin , Valerio Scarani , Hugo Zbinden

Coherent one photon pulses are sent with four possible time delays with respect to a reference. Ambiguity of the photon time detection resulting from pulses overlap combined with interferometric measurement allows for secure key exchange.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Thierry Debuisschert , William Boucher

Quantum cryptography can provide a very high level of data security. However, a big challenge of this technique is errors in quantum channels. Therefore, error correction methods must be applied in real implementations. An example is error…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Marcin Niemiec , Tymoteusz Widlarz , Miralem Mehic

We establish a security proof of frequency-time coding quantum key distribution (FT-QKD) protocol by showing its connection to the squeezed state quantum key distribution protocol, which has been proven to be unconditionally secure. We also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-18 Bing Qi

One of the challenges in practical quantum key distribution is dealing with efficiency mismatch between different threshold single-photon detectors. There are known bounds for the secret key rate for the BB84 protocol with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-06 M. K. Bochkov , A. S. Trushechkin

Quantum key distribution (QKD) utilizes the laws of quantum mechanics to achieve information-theoretically secure key generation. This field is now approaching the stage of commercialization, but many practical QKD systems still suffer from…