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When formalized, some diagonal arguments do not show the diagonal object to be impossible but rather reveal some other anomaly (e.g., that one of the relevant sets is ill-defined). This raises the possibility that some diagonal arguments…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-04-21 T. Parent

Let B_n denote the nth Bell number. We use well-known recursive expressions for B_n to give a generalizing recursion that can be used to prove Touchard's congruence.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-06-08 Greg Hurst , Andrew Schultz

The purpose of this note is to present two elementary, but useful, facts concerning actions on uniformly convex spaces. We demonstrate how each of them can be used in an alternative proof of the triviality of the first $L_p$-cohomology of…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2008-05-27 tsachik gelander

The phenomenon of an implicit function which solves a large set of second order partial differential equations obtainable from a variational principle is explicated by the introduction of a class of universal solutions to the equations…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 D. B. Fairlie

It is well known that there is no basis of the field for real numbers regarded as a vector space over any proper subfield that is closed under multiplication. Mabry has extended this result to bases of arbitrary proper field extensions. The…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-08-15 Tomasz Kania

This note is purely expository. The statement of the Gauss theorem on the constructibility of regular polygons by means of compass and ruler is simple and well-known. However, its proofs given in most textbooks rely upon much unmotivated…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2013-09-10 A. Skopenkov

The aim of this article is to generalize logics of formal inconsistency ($\textbf{LFI}$s) to systems dealing with the concept of incompatibility, expressed by means of a binary connective. The basic idea is that having two incompatible…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-02-23 Marcelo Esteban Coniglio , Guilherme Vicentin de Toledo

In order to study the Yamabe changing-sign problem, Bahri and Xu proposed a conjecture which is a universal inequality for $p$ points in $\mathbb R^m$. They have verified the conjecture for $p\leq3$. In this paper, we first simplify this…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2021-01-26 Hong Chen , Jianquan Ge , Kai Jia , Zhiqin Lu

We show how localization and smoothing techniques can be used to establish universality in the bulk of the spectrum for a fixed positive measure mu on [-1,1]. Assume that mu is a regular measure, and is absolutely continuous in an open…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Doron S Lubinsky

The forcing method is a powerful tool to prove the consistency of set-theoretic assertions relative to the consistency of the axioms of set theory. Laver's theorem and Bukovsk\'y's theorem assert that set-generic extensions of a given…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-07-07 Sy David Friedman , Sakaé Fuchino , Hiroshi Sakai

Let N be a normal subgroup of a finite group G. Let N\le H\le G such that N has a complement in H and (|N|,|G:H|)=1. If N is abelian, a theorem of Gasch\"utz asserts that N has a complement in G as well. Brandis has asked whether the…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-21 Benjamin Sambale

We generalize and prove a result which was first shown by Zippin, and was explicitly formulated by Benyamini.

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-05-31 Petr Hajek , Thomas Schlumprecht , Andras Zsak

Three recent arguments seek to show that the universal applicability of unitary quantum theory is inconsistent with the assumption that a well-conducted measurement always has a definite physical outcome. In this paper I restate and analyze…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-17 Richard A. Healey

Let X be a real or complex Hilbert space of finite but large dimension d, let S(X) denote the unit sphere of X, and let u denote the normalized uniform measure on S(X). For a finite subset B of S(X), we may test whether it is approximately…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-08-01 Sheldon Goldstein , Joel L. Lebowitz , Roderich Tumulka , Nino Zanghi

One of the key assumptions of the Standard Model of fundamental particles is that the interactions of the charged leptons, namely electrons, muons, and taus, differ only because of their different masses. While precision tests comparing…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2023-03-03 Gregory Ciezarek , Manuel Franco Sevilla , P. M. Hamilton , Robert Kowalewski , Thomas Kuhr , Vera Lüth , Yutaro Sato

We propose a new definition of actual cause, using structural equations to model counterfactuals. We show that the definition yields a plausible and elegant account of causation that handles well examples which have caused problems for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Joseph Y. Halpern , Judea Pearl

We extend two kinds of causal models, structural equation models and simulation models, to infinite variable spaces. This enables a semantics for conditionals founded on a calculus of intervention, and axiomatization of causal reasoning for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Duligur Ibeling , Thomas Icard

The ground axiom is the assertion that the set-theoretic universe is not obtainable by forcing over any inner model. Although this appears at first to be a second-order assertion, it is actually first-order expressible in the language of…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-07-05 Joel David Hamkins

Using a Zariski topology associated to a finite field extensions, we give new proofs and generalize the primitive and normal basis theorems.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Shahram Biglari

For $m=3,4,\ldots$ those $p_m(x)=(m-2)x(x-1)/2+x$ with $x\in\mathbb Z$ are called generalized $m$-gonal numbers. Sun [13] studied for what values of positive integers $a,b,c$ the sum $ap_5+bp_5+cp_5$ is universal over $\mathbb Z$ (i.e., any…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-06-24 Fan Ge , Zhi-Wei Sun