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Pretrained encoders for mathematical texts have achieved significant improvements on various tasks such as formula classification and information retrieval. Yet they remain limited in representing and capturing student strategies for entire…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Siddhartha Pradhan , Ethan Prihar , Erin Ottmar

Representation learning is a critical ingredient for natural language processing systems. Recent Transformer language models like BERT learn powerful textual representations, but these models are targeted towards token- and sentence-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Arman Cohan , Sergey Feldman , Iz Beltagy , Doug Downey , Daniel S. Weld

We introduce the Convolutional Set Transformer (CST), a novel neural architecture designed to process image sets of arbitrary cardinality that are visually heterogeneous yet share high-level semantics - such as a common category, scene, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Federico Chinello , Giacomo Boracchi

Computer-aided design (CAD) is the most widely used modeling approach for technical design. The typical starting point in these designs is 2D sketches which can later be extruded and combined to obtain complex three-dimensional assemblies.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Wamiq Reyaz Para , Shariq Farooq Bhat , Paul Guerrero , Tom Kelly , Niloy Mitra , Leonidas Guibas , Peter Wonka

Sketch-guided image editing aims to achieve local fine-tuning of the image based on the sketch information provided by the user, while maintaining the original status of the unedited areas. Due to the high cost of acquiring human sketches,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Weihang Mao , Bo Han , Zihao Wang

In construction quality monitoring, accurately detecting and segmenting cracks in concrete structures is paramount for safety and maintenance. Current convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have demonstrated strong performance in crack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Kaiwei Yu , I-Ming Chen , Jing Wu

We introduce Small Building Model (SBM), a Transformer-based architecture for layout synthesis in Building Information Modeling (BIM) scenes. We address the question of how to tokenize buildings by unifying heterogeneous feature sets of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Manuel Ladron de Guevara , Jinmo Rhee , Ardavan Bidgoli , Vaidas Razgaitis , Michael Bergin

This paper develops the sketching (i.e., randomized dimension reduction) theory for real algebraic varieties and images of polynomial maps, including, e.g., the set of low rank tensors and tensor networks. Through the lens of norming sets,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-06 Yifan Zhang , Joe Kileel

Transformer is a deep neural network that employs a self-attention mechanism to comprehend the contextual relationships within sequential data. Unlike conventional neural networks or updated versions of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Saidul Islam , Hanae Elmekki , Ahmed Elsebai , Jamal Bentahar , Najat Drawel , Gaith Rjoub , Witold Pedrycz

The quadratic time and memory complexity inherent to self-attention mechanisms, with respect to sequence length, presents a critical computational bottleneck in the training and deployment of large-scale Transformer-based language models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Praneeth Kacham , Vahab Mirrokni , Peilin Zhong

Sketch-based 3D reconstruction remains a challenging task due to the abstract and sparse nature of sketch inputs, which often lack sufficient semantic and geometric information. To address this, we propose Sketch2Symm, a two-stage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yan Zhou , Mingji Li , Xiantao Zeng , Jie Lin , Yuexia Zhou

Zero-shot sketch-based image retrieval (ZS-SBIR) is a task of cross-domain image retrieval from a natural image gallery with free-hand sketch under a zero-shot scenario. Previous works mostly focus on a generative approach that takes a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Hao Wang , Cheng Deng , Xinxu Xu , Wei Liu , Xinbo Gao , Dacheng Tao

Transformer has achieved great successes in learning vision and language representation, which is general across various downstream tasks. In visual control, learning transferable state representation that can transfer between different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Yao Mu , Shoufa Chen , Mingyu Ding , Jianyu Chen , Runjian Chen , Ping Luo

We propose a method for reconstructing 3D shapes from 2D sketches in the form of line drawings. Our method takes as input a single sketch, or multiple sketches, and outputs a dense point cloud representing a 3D reconstruction of the input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-02 Zhaoliang Lun , Matheus Gadelha , Evangelos Kalogerakis , Subhransu Maji , Rui Wang

The key to high-level cognition is believed to be the ability to systematically manipulate and compose knowledge pieces. While token-like structured knowledge representations are naturally provided in text, it is elusive how to obtain them…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Gautam Singh , Yeongbin Kim , Sungjin Ahn

Vision Transformer (ViT) architectures represent images as collections of high-dimensional vectorized tokens, each corresponding to a rectangular non-overlapping patch. This representation trades spatial granularity for embedding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Dong Lao , Yangchao Wu , Tian Yu Liu , Alex Wong , Stefano Soatto

We present a simple and efficient method based on deep learning to automatically decompose sketched objects into semantically valid parts. We train a deep neural network to transfer existing segmentations and labelings from 3D models to…

Graphics · Computer Science 2018-08-01 Lei Li , Hongbo Fu , Chiew-Lan Tai

We present a formal language with expressions denoting general symbol structures and queries which access information in those structures. A sequence-to-sequence network processing this language learns to encode symbol structures and query…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Roland Fernandez , Asli Celikyilmaz , Rishabh Singh , Paul Smolensky

A scattering transform defines a signal representation which is invariant to translations and Lipschitz continuous relatively to deformations. It is implemented with a non-linear convolution network that iterates over wavelet and modulus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2011-12-07 Joan Bruna , Stéphane Mallat

Synthesizing face images from monochrome sketches is one of the most fundamental tasks in the field of image-to-image translation. However, it is still challenging to (1)~make models learn the high-dimensional face features such as geometry…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Yichen Peng , Chunqi Zhao , Haoran Xie , Tsukasa Fukusato , Kazunori Miyata