Related papers: Hidden information in fluctuation in small systems
In the Coulomb blockade regime of a ballistic quantum dot, the distribution of conductance peak spacings is well known to be incorrectly predicted by a single-particle picture; instead, matrix element fluctuations of the residual electronic…
Almost a century ago, Johnson and Nyquist presented evidence of fluctuating electrical current and the governing fluctuation dissipation theorem (FDT). Whether, likewise, temperature T can fluctuate is a controversial topic and has led to…
In mesoscopic and nanoscale systems at low temperatures, charge carriers are typically not in thermal equilibrium with the surrounding lattice. The resulting, non-equilibrium dynamics of electrons has only begun to be explored.…
It is known that temperature estimates of macroscopic systems in equilibrium are most precise when their energy fluctuations are large. However, for nanoscale systems deviations from standard thermodynamics arise due to their interactions…
In a one dimensional lattice thermal fluctuations destroy the long-range order making particles of the lattice move on a scale much larger than the lattice spacing. We discuss the assumption that this motion may be responsible for the…
The fluctuations in nonequilibrium systems are under intense theoretical and experimental investigation. Topical ``fluctuation relations'' describe symmetries of the statistical properties of certain observables, in a variety of models and…
We discuss the rich vibrational dynamics of nanometer-scale semiconducting and insulating crystals as probed by localized electronic impurity states, with an emphasis on nanoparticles that are only weakly coupled to their environment. Two…
A theoretical model is developed that can accurately analyze the effects of thermal fluctuations in antiferromagnetic (AFM) nano-particles. The approach is based on Fourier series representation of the random effective field with cut-off…
Noise is usually a hindrance to signal detection. As stressed by Landauer, however, noise can be an invaluable signal that reveals kinetics of charge particles. Understanding local non-equilibrium electron kinetics at nano-scale is of…
The interplay between structural and electronic degrees of freedom in complex materials is the subject of extensive debate in physics and materials science. Particularly interesting questions pertain to the nature and extent of…
We report measurements of the spatial dependence of the electron energy distribution in carbon nanotubes, from which electron interactions are determined. Using nonequilibrium tunneling spectroscopy with multiple superconducting probes, we…
Electron energy loss spectroscopy is consolidating as a powerful tool to explore electronic (as well as vibrational) excitations of matter, including molecules. Performed in a scanning transmission electron microscope, this technique is…
The work examines a special behavior of the magnetic conductivity of metals that arises when chaotic electron trajectories appear on the Fermi surface. This behavior is due to the scattering of electrons at singular points of the dynamic…
Physical and chemical systems can be characterized by their natural frequency and energy scales. It is hardly an exaggeration that most of what we know about such systems, from the acoustics of a violin to the energy levels of atoms, comes…
When an ensemble of particles interact hydrodynamically, they generically display large-scale transient structures such as swirls in sedimenting particles [1], or colloidal strings in sheared suspensions [2]. Understanding these…
We report an experimental and theoretical analysis of the energy exchanged between two conductors kept at different temperature and coupled by the electric thermal noise. Experimentally we determine, as functions of the temperature…
The fluctuations are termed mesoscopic, when their typical size is essentially larger then the average distance between the nearest neighbors, while being much smaller than the overall system size. Since the features of mesoscopic…
We investigate the dynamics of single microparticles immersed in water that are driven out of equilibrium in the presence of an additional external colored noise. As a case study, we trap a single polystyrene particle in water with optical…
We report a new scanning nanomechanical noise microscopy platform enabling to both heat and acquire the fluctuations of mechanical nanostructures with nanometric resolution. We use this platform to image the thermally activated…
Accurate optical sensing and micromanipulation requires sensitive measurements of the position, orientation, and dynamics of small particles--and sometimes even large objects--under consideration. The signals acquired in the process,…