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We propose an unsupervised strategy for the selection of justification sentences for multi-hop question answering (QA) that (a) maximizes the relevance of the selected sentences, (b) minimizes the overlap between the selected facts, and (c)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Vikas Yadav , Steven Bethard , Mihai Surdeanu

Online learning platforms provide diverse questions to gauge the learners' understanding of different concepts. The repository of questions has to be constantly updated to ensure a diverse pool of questions to conduct assessments for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Maksimjeet Chowdhary , Sanyam Goyal , Venktesh V , Mukesh Mohania , Vikram Goyal

In spoken question answering, the systems are designed to answer questions from contiguous text spans within the related speech transcripts. However, the most natural way that human seek or test their knowledge is via human conversations.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Chenyu You , Nuo Chen , Fenglin Liu , Shen Ge , Xian Wu , Yuexian Zou

The problem of realistic VQA (RVQA), where a model has to reject unanswerable questions (UQs) and answer answerable ones (AQs), is studied. We first point out 2 drawbacks in current RVQA research, where (1) datasets contain too many…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Yuwei Zhang , Chih-Hui Ho , Nuno Vasconcelos

Multi-hop Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) aims to find the answer entities that are multiple hops away in the Knowledge Base (KB) from the entities in the question. A major challenge is the lack of supervision signals at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Gaole He , Yunshi Lan , Jing Jiang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Unsupervised commonsense question answering is appealing since it does not rely on any labeled task data. Among existing work, a popular solution is to use pre-trained language models to score candidate choices directly conditioned on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Yilin Niu , Fei Huang , Jiaming Liang , Wenkai Chen , Xiaoyan Zhu , Minlie Huang

Fusion-in-decoder (Fid) (Izacard and Grave, 2020) is a generative question answering (QA) model that leverages passage retrieval with a pre-trained transformer and pushed the state of the art on single-hop QA. However, the complexity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Semih Yavuz , Kazuma Hashimoto , Yingbo Zhou , Nitish Shirish Keskar , Caiming Xiong

This paper presents a multilayered architecture that enhances the capabilities of current QA systems and allows different types of complex questions or queries to be processed. The answers to these questions need to be gathered from factual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-01-16 Estela Saquete , Jose Luis Vicedo , Patricio Martínez-Barco , Rafael Muñoz , Hector Llorens

An important aspect of artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability to reason in a step-by-step "algorithmic" manner that can be inspected and verified for its correctness. This is especially important in the domain of question answering…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Kwabena Nuamah

Has there been real progress in multi-hop question-answering? Models often exploit dataset artifacts to produce correct answers, without connecting information across multiple supporting facts. This limits our ability to measure true…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Harsh Trivedi , Niranjan Balasubramanian , Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal

Understanding natural language questions entails the ability to break down a question into the requisite steps for computing its answer. In this work, we introduce a Question Decomposition Meaning Representation (QDMR) for questions. QDMR…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-03 Tomer Wolfson , Mor Geva , Ankit Gupta , Matt Gardner , Yoav Goldberg , Daniel Deutch , Jonathan Berant

Multi-hop QA (Question Answering) is the task of finding the answer to a question across multiple documents. In recent years, a number of Deep Learning-based approaches have been proposed to tackle this complex task, as well as a few…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Yunjie He , Philip John Gorinski , Ieva Staliunaite , Pontus Stenetorp

Commonsense question answering (QA) research requires machines to answer questions based on commonsense knowledge. However, this research requires expensive labor costs to annotate data as the basis of research, and models that rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Xin Guan , Biwei Cao , Qingqing Gao , Zheng Yin , Bo Liu , Jiuxin Cao

The usage and amount of information available on the internet increase over the past decade. This digitization leads to the need for automated answering system to extract fruitful information from redundant and transitional knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Hariom A. Pandya , Brijesh S. Bhatt

We show that the task of question answering (QA) can significantly benefit from the transfer learning of models trained on a different large, fine-grained QA dataset. We achieve the state of the art in two well-studied QA datasets, WikiQA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Sewon Min , Minjoon Seo , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Unitary decomposition is a widely used method to map quantum algorithms to an arbitrary set of quantum gates. Efficient implementation of this decomposition allows for translation of bigger unitary gates into elementary quantum operations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-14 A. M. Krol , A. Sarkar , I. Ashraf , Z. Al-Ars , K. Bertels

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been increasingly employed for query expansion. However, their generative nature often undermines performance on complex multi-hop retrieval tasks by introducing irrelevant or noisy information. To address…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 JungMin Yun , YoungBin Kim

Multi-hop question answering (QA) requires systems to iteratively retrieve evidence and reason across multiple hops. While recent RAG and agentic methods report strong results, the underlying retrieval--reasoning \emph{process} is often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yuelyu Ji , Zhuochun Li , Rui Meng , Daqing He

Question answering (QA) system aims at retrieving precise information from a large collection of documents against a query. This paper describes the architecture of a Natural Language Question Answering (NLQA) system for a specific domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2013-11-14 Athira P. M. , Sreeja M. , P. C. Reghu Raj

Recently, end-to-end trained models for multiple-choice commonsense question answering (QA) have delivered promising results. However, such question-answering systems cannot be directly applied in real-world scenarios where answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Zhen Han , Yue Feng , Mingming Sun