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In Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems, Sphere Decoding (SD) can achieve performance equivalent to full search Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding, with reduced complexity. Several researchers reported techniques that reduce the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Boyu Li , Ender Ayanoglu

Although the sphere decoder (SD) is a powerful detector for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, it has become computationally prohibitive in massive MIMO systems, where a large number of antennas are employed. To overcome this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Nhan Thanh Nguyen , Kyungchun Lee , Huaiyu Dai

The sphere decoder (SD) is an attractive low-complexity alternative to maximum likelihood (ML) detection in a variety of communication systems. It is also employed in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems where the computational…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-03-05 Gianmarco Romano , Domenico Ciuonzo , Pierluigi Salvo Rossi , Francesco Palmieri

In this paper we present a novel method for decoding multiple input - multiple output (MIMO) transmission, which combines sphere decoding (SD) and zero forcing (ZF) techniques to provide near optimal low complexity and high performance…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-03-03 Vadim Neder , Doron Ezri , Motti Haridim

In this paper, Sphere Decoding (SD) algorithms for Spatial Modulation (SM) are developed to reduce the computational complexity of Maximum-Likelihood (ML) detectors. Two SDs specifically designed for SM are proposed and analysed in terms of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-05-31 Abdelhamid Younis , Sinan Sinanović , Marco Di Renzo , Raed Mesleh , Harald Haas

Classical ML decoders of MIMO systems like the sphere decoder, the Schnorr-Euchner algorithm, the Fano and the stack decoders suffer of high complexity for high number of antennas and large constellation sizes. We propose in this paper a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-11-07 Rym Ouertani , Ghaya Rekaya Ben-Othman , Abdellatif Salah

In the setting of quasi-static multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels, we consider the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) asymptotic complexity required by the sphere decoding (SD) algorithm for decoding a large class of full rate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-02-08 Joakim Jalden , Petros Elia

While fully-digital precoding achieves superior performance in massive MIMO systems, it comes with significant drawbacks in terms of computational complexity and power consumption, particularly when operating at millimeter-wave (mmWave)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-13 Parisa Ramezani , Alva Kosasih , Emil Björnson

For the practical implementation of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, the hybrid processing (precoding/combining) structure is promising to reduce the high cost rendered by large number of RF chains of the traditional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-04-16 Weiheng Ni , Xiaodai Dong , Wu-Sheng Lu

An efficient decoding algorithm named `divided decoder' is proposed in this paper. Divided decoding can be combined with any decoder using QR-decomposition and offers different pairs of performance and complexity. Divided decoding provides…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-01-23 In Sook Park

We propose a low complexity complex valued Sphere Decoding (CV-SD) algorithm, referred to as Circular Sphere Decoding (CSD) which is applicable to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with arbitrary two dimensional (2D)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Hwanchol Jang , Saeid Nooshabadi , Kiseon Kim , Heung-No Lee

In this thesis, we investigate the problem of efficient data detection in large MIMO and high order MU-MIMO systems. First, near-optimal low-complexity detection algorithms are proposed for regular MIMO systems. Then, a family of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Hadi Sarieddeen

In this paper, we propose a novel learning-aided sphere decoding (SD) scheme for large multiple-input--multiple-output systems, namely, deep path prediction-based sphere decoding (DPP-SD). In this scheme, we employ a neural network (NN) to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-03 Doyeon Weon , Kyungchun Lee

As a key enabling technology for 5G wireless, millimeter wave (mmWave) communication motivates the utilization of large-scale antenna arrays for achieving highly directional beamforming. However, the high cost and power consumption of RF…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-04 Qingjiang Shi , Mingyi Hong

In massive MIMO systems, fully digital precoding offers high performance but has significant implementation complexity and energy consumption, particularly at millimeter frequencies and beyond. Hybrid analog-digital architectures provide a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Parisa Ramezani , Alva Kosasih , Emil Björnson

Spatial modulation (SM) is a promising multiple-input multiple-output system used to increase spectral efficiency. The maximum likelihood (ML) decoder jointly detects the transmitted SM symbol, which is of high complexity. In this paper, a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Ibrahim Al-Nahhal , Octavia A. Dobre , Salama Ikki

Hybrid precoding can significantly reduce the number of required radio frequency (RF) chains and relieve the huge energy consumption in mmWave massive MIMO systems, thus attracting much interests from academic and industry. However, most…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-17 Tian Xie , Linglong Dai , Xinyu Gao , Muhammad Zeeshan Shakir , Zhaocheng Wang

Sphere decoding (SD) of polar codes is an efficient method to achieve the error performance of maximum likelihood (ML) decoding. But the complexity of the conventional sphere decoder is still high, where the candidates in a target sphere…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-08-14 Kai Niu , Kai Chen , Jiaru Lin

Singular value decomposition (SVD) is widely used in wireless systems, including multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processing and dimension reduction in distributed MIMO (D-MIMO). However, the iterative nature of decomposition methods…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-24 Sijia Cheng , Liang Liu , Ove Edfors , Juan Vidal Alegria

Millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has been regarded to be an emerging solution for the next generation of communications, in which hybrid analog and digital precoding is an important method for reducing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-01-23 Hongji Huang , Yiwei Song , Jie Yang , Guan Gui , Fumiyuki Adachi
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