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Neural networks have proven successful at learning from complex data distributions by acting as universal function approximators. However, they are often overconfident in their predictions, which leads to inaccurate and miscalibrated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Jeffrey Willette , Juho Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

Although deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved tremendous success in audio classification tasks, their uncertainty calibration are still under-explored. A well-calibrated model should be accurate when it is certain about its prediction…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Tong Ye , Shijing Si , Jianzong Wang , Ning Cheng , Jing Xiao

Deep neural networks may perform poorly when training datasets are heavily class-imbalanced. Recently, two-stage methods decouple representation learning and classifier learning to improve performance. But there is still the vital issue of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Zhisheng Zhong , Jiequan Cui , Shu Liu , Jiaya Jia

Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have shown great promise in many classification applications, yet are widely known to have poorly calibrated predictions when they are over-parametrized. Improving DNN calibration without comprising on model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Mikkel Jordahn , Pablo M. Olmos

Reliable uncertainty estimation is critical for deploying neural networks (NNs) in real-world applications. While existing calibration techniques often rely on post-hoc adjustments or coarse-grained binning methods, they remain limited in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Pedro Mendes , Paolo Romano , David Garlan

In terms of accuracy, deep learning (DL) models have had considerable success in classification problems for medical imaging applications. However, it is well-known that the outputs of such models, which typically utilise the SoftMax…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-28 Tareen Dawood , Emily Chan , Reza Razavi , Andrew P. King , Esther Puyol-Anton

Fully convolutional neural networks (FCNs), and in particular U-Nets, have achieved state-of-the-art results in semantic segmentation for numerous medical imaging applications. Moreover, batch normalization and Dice loss have been used…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-06 Alireza Mehrtash , William M. Wells , Clare M. Tempany , Purang Abolmaesumi , Tina Kapur

The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) is both a widely used metric and loss function for biomedical image segmentation due to its robustness to class imbalance. However, it is well known that the DSC loss is poorly calibrated, resulting in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-02 Michael Yeung , Leonardo Rundo , Yang Nan , Evis Sala , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Guang Yang

Neural networks for automated image segmentation are typically trained to achieve maximum accuracy, while less attention has been given to the calibration of their confidence scores. However, well-calibrated confidence scores provide…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-28 Axel-Jan Rousseau , Thijs Becker , Jeroen Bertels , Matthew B. Blaschko , Dirk Valkenborg

Existing methods for estimating uncertainty in deep learning tend to require multiple forward passes, making them unsuitable for applications where computational resources are limited. To solve this, we perform probabilistic reasoning over…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-08 Javier Antorán , James Urquhart Allingham , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

The remarkable performance of deep neural networks (DNNs) currently makes them the method of choice for solving linear inverse problems. They have been applied to super-resolve and restore images, as well as to reconstruct MR and CT images.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-01 Marija Vella , João F. C. Mota

Deep neural network(DNN) based classifiers do extremely well in discriminating between observations, resulting in higher ROC AUC and accuracy metrics, but their outputs are often miscalibrated with respect to true event likelihoods.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Dhruv Nigam

Deep neural networks can be unreliable in the real world when the training set does not adequately cover all the settings where they are deployed. Focusing on image classification, we consider the setting where we have an error distribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Sahil Singla , Atoosa Malemir Chegini , Mazda Moayeri , Soheil Feiz

Albeit achieving high predictive accuracy across many challenging computer vision problems, recent studies suggest that deep neural networks (DNNs) tend to make overconfident predictions, rendering them poorly calibrated. Most of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Bimsara Pathiraja , Malitha Gunawardhana , Muhammad Haris Khan

Deep neural networks, despite their high accuracy, often exhibit poor confidence calibration, limiting their reliability in high-stakes applications. Current ad-hoc confidence calibration methods attempt to fix this during training but face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Sandra Gómez-Gálvez , Tobias Olenyi , Gillian Dobbie , Katerina Taškova

Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) often result uncalibrated after training, usually tending towards overconfidence. Devising effective calibration methods with low impact in terms of computational complexity is thus of central interest. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Hector J. Hortua , Luigi Malago , Riccardo Volpi

A machine learning model is calibrated if its predicted probability for an outcome matches the observed frequency for that outcome conditional on the model prediction. This property has become increasingly important as the impact of machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Muthu Chidambaram , Rong Ge

Deep neural networks often produce overconfident predictions, undermining their reliability in safety-critical applications. This miscalibration is further exacerbated under distribution shift, where test data deviates from the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Yilin Zhang , Cai Xu , You Wu , Ziyu Guan , Wei Zhao

While modern deep neural networks are performant perception modules, performance (accuracy) alone is insufficient, particularly for safety-critical robotic applications such as self-driving vehicles. Robot autonomy stacks also require these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Dhaivat Bhatt , Kaustubh Mani , Dishank Bansal , Krishna Murthy , Hanju Lee , Liam Paull

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have numerous applications across various domains. Several optimization techniques, such as ResNet and SENet, have been proposed to improve model accuracy. These techniques improve the model performance by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Wenxiang Xu , Tian Qiu , Linyun Zhou , Zunlei Feng , Mingli Song , Huiqiong Wang