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We develop a second-order extension of intuitionistic modal logic, allowing quantification over propositions, both syntactically and semantically. A key feature of second-order logic is its capacity to define positive connectives from the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Justus Becker , Anupam Das , Sonia Marin , Paaras Padhiar

One-dimensional fragment of first-order logic is obtained by restricting quantification to blocks of existential (universal) quantifiers that leave at most one variable free. We investigate this fragment over words and trees, presenting a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Emanuel Kieronski , Antti Kuusisto

Tree sets are abstract structures that can be used to model various tree-shaped objects in combinatorics. Finite tree sets can be represented by finite graph-theoretical trees. We extend this representation theory to infinite tree sets.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-16 J. Pascal Gollin , Jay Lilian Kneip

We consider the problem of computing the measure of a regular language of infinite binary trees. While the general case remains unsolved, we show that the measure of a language defined by a first-order formula with no descendant relation or…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Marcin Przybyłko

We consider an extension of first-order logic with a recursion operator that corresponds to allowing formulas to refer to themselves. We investigate the obtained language under two different systems of semantics, thereby obtaining two…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-07-18 Reijo Jaakkola , Antti Kuusisto

We extend the logical categories framework to first order modal logic. In our modal categories, modal operators are applied directly to subobjects and interact with the background factorization system. We prove a Joyal-style representation…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Silvio Ghilardi , Jérémie Marquès

The paper introduces two new aggregation functions to encode structural knowledge from tree-structured data. They leverage the Canonical and Tensor-Train decompositions to yield expressive context aggregation while limiting the number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Daniele Castellana , Davide Bacciu

We introduce the branching transitive closure operator on weighted monadic second-order logic formulas where the branching corresponds in a natural way to the branching inherent in trees. For arbitrary commutative semirings, we prove that…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-04-30 Zoltán Fülöp , Heiko Vogler

Quasi-trees generalize trees in that the unique "path" between two nodes may be infinite and have any countable order type. They are used to define the rank-width of a countable graph in such a way that it is equal to the least upper-bound…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Bruno Courcelle

We show that if we enrich first order logic by allowing quantification over isomorphisms between definable ordered fields the resulting logic, L(Q_{Of}), is fully compact. In this logic, we can give standard compactness proofs of various…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-09-06 Alan H. Mekler , Saharon Shelah

This paper involves generalizing the Goldblatt-Thomason and the Lindstr\"om characterization theorems to first-order modal logic.

Logic · Mathematics 2016-05-31 Reihane Zoghifard , Massoud Pourmahdian

Permutations can be viewed as pairs of linear orders, or more formally as models over a signature consisting of two binary relation symbols. This approach was adopted by Albert, Bouvel and F\'eray, who studied the expressibility of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-05 Vít Jelínek , Michal Opler

We give an algebraic characterization of the tree languages that are defined by logical formulas using certain Lindstr\"om quantifiers. An important instance of our result concerns first-order definable tree languages. Our characterization…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-06-21 Zoltan Esik , Pascal Weil

Traversals are commonly seen in tree data structures, and performance-enhancing transformations between tree traversals are critical for many applications. Existing approaches to reasoning about tree traversals and their transformations are…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Yanjun Wang , Jinwei Liu , Dalin Zhang , Xiaokang Qiu

We explore the relationship between polynomial functors and (rooted) trees. In the first part we use polynomial functors to derive a new convenient formalism for trees, and obtain a natural and conceptual construction of the category…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2014-07-15 Joachim Kock

Combinatorial trees can be used to represent genealogies of asexual individuals. These individuals can be endowed with birth and death times, to obtain a so-called `chronological tree'. In this work, we are interested in the continuum…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-08-26 Amaury Lambert , Gerónimo Uribe Bravo

Generalized trees, we call them O-trees, are defined as hierarchical partial orders, i.e., such that the elements larger than any one are linearly ordered. Quasi-trees are, roughly speaking, undirected O-trees. For O-trees and quasi-trees,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Bruno Courcelle

Higher-order pushdown systems and ground tree rewriting systems can be seen as extensions of suffix word rewriting systems. Both classes generate infinite graphs with interesting logical properties. Indeed, the model-checking problem for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-02-17 Vincent Penelle

The precise formulation of derivation for tree-adjoining grammars has important ramifications for a wide variety of uses of the formalism, from syntactic analysis to semantic interpretation and statistical language modeling. We argue that…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2009-09-25 Yves Schabes , Stuart M. Shieber

We introduce the notions of preordered and heap-preordered forests, generalizing the construction of ordered and heap-ordered forests. We prove that the algebras of preordered and heap-preordered forests are Hopf for the cut coproduct, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-05-03 Anthony Mansuy