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A model for decision making that generalizes Expected Utility Maximization is presented. This model, Expected Qualitative Utility Maximization, encompasses the Maximin criterion. It relaxes both the Independence and the Continuity…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Daniel Lehmann

Traditional learning approaches for classification implicitly assume that each mistake has the same cost. In many real-world problems though, the utility of a decision depends on the underlying context $x$ and decision $y$. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Kush Bhatia , Peter L. Bartlett , Anca D. Dragan , Jacob Steinhardt

Although many investigators affirm a desire to build reasoning systems that behave consistently with the axiomatic basis defined by probability theory and utility theory, limited resources for engineering and computation can make a complete…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-11 Eric J. Horvitz

Data-driven decision making plays an important role even in high stakes settings like medicine and public policy. Learning optimal policies from observed data requires a careful formulation of the utility function whose expected value is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-29 Eli Ben-Michael , Kosuke Imai , Zhichao Jiang

Budget aggregation is a process in which citizens vote by declaring their individual ideal budget allocation, and a pre-determined rule aggregates all votes into a single outcome. Recent theoretical work has proposed various aggregation…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ayelet Amster , Lioz Akirav , Rica Gonen , Erel Segal-Halevi

In this paper we have devised an alternative methodological approach for quantifying utility in terms of expected information content of the decision-maker's choice set. We have proposed an extension to the concept of utility by…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 M. Khoshnevisan , Sukanto Bhattacharya , Florentin Smarandache

Understanding how biological organisms make decisions is of fundamental importance in understanding behavior. Such an understanding within evolutionary game theory so far has been sought by appealing to bounded rationality. Here, we present…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-16 Mohammad Salahshour

A perfectly rational decision-maker chooses the best action with the highest utility gain from a set of possible actions. The optimality principles that describe such decision processes do not take into account the computational costs of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-12-25 Jordi Grau-Moya , Daniel A. Braun

Ergodicity describes an equivalence between the expectation value and the time average of observables. Applied to human behaviour, ergodic theories of decision-making reveal how individuals should tolerate risk in different environments. To…

We study a dynamic random utility model that allows for consumption dependence. We axiomatically analyze this model and find insights that allow us to distinguish between behavior that arises due to consumption dependence and behavior that…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-02-20 Christopher Turansick

In the theory of social choice the research is focused around the projection of individual preference orders to the social preference order. Also, the justification of the preference order formalism begins with the concept of utility i.e.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2010-10-27 Redjan F. Shabani

This study proposes a tractable stochastic choice model to identify motivations for prosocial behavior, and to explore alternative motivations of deliberate randomization beyond ex-ante fairness concerns. To represent social preferences, we…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-05-01 Yosuke Hashidate , Keisuke Yoshihara

The rational choice theory is based on this idea that people rationally pursue goals for increasing their personal interests. In most conditions, the behavior of an actor is not independent of the person and others' behavior. Here, we…

Econometrics · Economics 2018-02-27 Madjid Eshaghi Gordji , Gholamreza Askari

A decision maker's utility depends on her action $a\in A \subset \mathbb{R}^d$ and the payoff relevant state of the world $\theta\in \Theta$. One can define the value of acquiring new information as the difference between the maximum…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-05-04 Farzad Pourbabaee

An analyst observes an agent take a sequence of actions. The analyst does not have access to the agent's information and ponders whether the observed actions could be justified through a rational Bayesian model with a known utility…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-04-08 Henrique de Oliveira , Rohit Lamba

Rationality is frequently associated with making the best possible decisions. It's widely acknowledged that humans, as rational beings, have limitations in their decision-making capabilities. Nevertheless, recent advancements in fields,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Dibakar Das

Different from shopping at retail stores, consumers on e-commerce platforms usually cannot touch or try products before purchasing, which means that they have to make decisions when they are uncertain about the outcome (e.g., satisfaction…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Zhichao Xu , Yi Han , Yongfeng Zhang , Qingyao Ai

Classic decision-theory is based on the maximum expected utility (MEU) principle, but crucially ignores the resource costs incurred when determining optimal decisions. Here we propose an axiomatic framework for bounded decision-making that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-07-09 Pedro A. Ortega , Daniel A. Braun

Identifying and quantifying factors influencing human decision making remains an outstanding challenge, impacting the performance and predictability of social and technological systems. In many cases, system failures are traced to human…

In mainstream neoclassical economics, utility maximization is the only engine of individual action, and the other or the social, if it is modeled for decisions deemed fundamental, it is done as a tacit externality parameter affecting an…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-02-24 Alfio Giarlotta , M. Ali Khan , Angelo Enrico Petralia , Francesco Reito