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We introduce a pair of time-reversible models defined on the discrete space-time lattice with 3 states per site, specifically, a vacancy and a particle of two flavours (species). The local update rules reproduce the rule 54 reversible…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-23 Katja Klobas , Tomaž Prosen

In this paper, linear Cellular Automta (CA) rules are recursively generated using a binary tree rooted at "0". Some mathematical results on linear as well as non-linear CA rules are derived. Integers associated with linear CA rules are…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2012-09-04 Birendra Kumar Nayak , Sudhakar Sahoo , Sagarika Biswal

We study two-dimensional rotation-symmetric number-conserving cellular automata working on the von Neumann neighborhood (RNCA). It is known that such automata with 4 states or less are trivial, so we investigate the possible rules with 5…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-10-04 Katsunobu Imai , Hisamichi Ishizaka , Victor Poupet

We study a two-dimensional cellular automaton (CA), called Diffusion Rule (DR), which exhibits diffusion-like dynamics of propagating patterns. In computational experiments we discover a wide range of mobile and stationary localizations…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-13 Genaro J. Martinez , Andrew Adamatzky , Harold V. McIntosh

Number-conserving (or {\em conservative}) cellular automata have been used in several contexts, in particular traffic models, where it is natural to think about them as systems of interacting particles. In this article we consider several…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2007-05-23 Andres Moreira , Nino Boccara , Eric Goles

To advance our understanding of Quantum Cellular Automata in problem solving through parallel and distributed computing, this research quantized the density classification problem and adopted the Quantum Particle Automata (QPA) to solve the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-27 Tina Yu , Radel Ben-Av

The cellular automata with local permutation invariance are considered. We show that in the two-state case the set of such automata coincides with the generalized Game of Life family. We count the number of equivalence classes of the rules…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Vladimir V. Kornyak

Number-conserving cellular automata (NCCA) are particularly interesting, both because of their natural appearance as models of real systems, and because of the strong restrictions that number-conservation implies. Here we extend the…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2007-05-23 Andres Moreira

In this paper we study $\nu$-CA on one-dimensional lattice defined over a finite set of local rules. The main goal is to determine how the local rules can be mixed to ensure the produced $\nu$-CA has some properties. In a first part, we…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-08-09 Julien Provillard , Enrico Formenti , Alberto Dennunzio

In this paper we study the family of two-state Totalistic Freezing Cellular Automata (TFCA) defined over the triangular and square grids with von Neumann neighborhoods. We say that a Cellular Automaton is Freezing and Totalistic if the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Eric Goles , Diego Maldonado , Pedro Montealegre , Nicolas Ollinger

Layered Cellular Automata (LCA) extends the concept of traditional cellular automata (CA) to model complex systems and phenomena. In LCA, each cell's next state is determined by the interaction of two layers of computation, allowing for…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2023-08-15 Abhishek Dalai

Quantum cellular automata are alternative quantum-computing paradigms to quantum Turing machines and quantum circuits. Their working mechanisms are inherently automated, therefore measurement free, and they act in a translation invariant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-28 Thiago L. M. Guedes , Don Winter , Markus Müller

In this paper, we study binary and ternary matrices that are used for CDMA applications that are injective on binary or ternary user vectors. In other words, in the absence of additive noise, the interference of overloaded CDMA can be…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-01-15 Sh. Dashmiz , P. Pad , F. Marvasti

We study one dimensional binary Probabilistic Cellular Automaton (PCA) that interpolate between Wolfram's classical rules 23, 77, 178 and 232. These rules are the only ones that satisfy two criteria: (i) in the case of a majority in the…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2026-05-19 Francisco J. Muñoz , Juan Carlos Nuño

We propose and investigate a probabilistic model of sublinear-time one-dimensional cellular automata. In particular, we modify the model of ACA (which are cellular automata that accept if and only if all cells simultaneously accept) so that…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Augusto Modanese

The density classification task is to determine which of the symbols appearing in an array has the majority. A cellular automaton solving this task is required to converge to a uniform configuration with the majority symbol at each site. It…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-03-30 Siamak Taati

We have determined families of two-dimensional deterministic totalistic cellular automaton rules whose stationary density of active sites exhibits a period two in time. Each family of deterministic rules is characterized by an ``average…

adap-org · Physics 2015-06-24 Nino Boccara , Michel Roger

We consider the parity problem in one-dimensional, binary, circular cellular automata: if the initial configuration contains an odd number of 1s, the lattice should converge to all 1s; otherwise, it should converge to all 0s. It is easy to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-08-15 Heater Betel , Pedro P. B. de Oliveira , Paola Flocchini

The local rules of Wolfram cellular automata with one-dimensional three-cell neighborhoods are represented by eight-bit binary that encode deterministic update rules. These automata are widely utilized to investigate self-organization…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-09-15 Kui Tuo , Shengfeng Deng , Yuxiang Yang , Yanyang Wang , Qiuping A. Wang , Wei Li , Wenjun Zhang

This study focuses on an extended model of a standard cellular automaton (CA) that includes an extra index consisting of a radius that defines a perception area for each cell in addition to the radius defined by the CA rule. Extended…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-12-22 Yoshihiko Kayama