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Turbulence in the interstellar medium (ISM) is crucial in the process of star formation. Shocks produced by supernova explosions, jets, radiation from massive stars, or galactic spiral-arm dynamics are amongst the most common drivers of…

The ionizing radiation of massive stars sculpts the surrounding neutral gas into pillar-like structures. Direct signatures of star formation through outflows and jets are observed in these structures, typically at their tips. Recent…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-10-28 Shyam H. Menon , Christoph Federrath , Pamela Klaassen , Rolf Kuiper , Megan Reiter

The life-cycle, structure, and dynamics of the interstellar medium (ISM) is regulated by turbulence. Complex physical processes, including supernova (SN) explosions, shear, and gravitational collapse, drive and maintain turbulence, but it…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-06 Isabella A. Gerrard , Christoph Federrath

We present high resolution simulations on the impact of ionizing radiation of massive O-stars on the surrounding turbulent interstellar medium (ISM). The simulations are performed with the newly developed software iVINE which combines…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Matthias Gritschneder , Thorsten Naab , Stefanie Walch , Andreas Burkert , Fabian Heitsch

In this work, we explore the link between star formation, turbulence and the thermal state of the multi-phase ISM. We analyse a suite of stratified box simulations modelling a realistic ISM that aims to probe environments similar to those…

We study the structural evolution of turbulent molecular clouds under the influence of ionizing radiation emitted from a nearby massive star by performing a high resolution parameter study with the iVINE code. The temperature is taken to be…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Matthias Gritschneder , Andreas Burkert , Thorsten Naab , Stefanie Walch

Molecular clouds are to a great extent influenced by turbulent motions in the gas. Numerical and observational studies indicate that the star formation rate and efficiency crucially depend on the mixture of solenoidal and compressive modes…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-10-11 Bastian Körtgen , Christoph Federrath , Robi Banerjee

An overview is presented of the main properties of the interstellar medium. Evidence is summarized that the interstellar medium is highly turbulent, driven on different length scales by various energetic processes. Large-scale turbulence…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Andreas Burkert

We investigate the interplay between the ionization radiation from massive stars and the turbulence inside the surrounding molecular gas thanks to 3D numerical simulations. We used the 3D hydrodynamical code HERACLES to model an initial…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 P. Tremblin , E. Audit , V. Minier , W. Schmidt , N. Schneider

The Interstellar Medium (ISM) is a complex, multi-phase system, where the history of the stars occurs. The processes of birth and death of stars are strongly coupled to the dynamics of the ISM. The observed chaotic and diffusive motions of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2011-02-02 D. Falceta-Goncalves

This chapter reviews the nature of turbulence in the Galactic interstellar medium (ISM) and its connections to the star formation (SF) process. The ISM is turbulent, magnetized, self-gravitating, and is subject to heating and cooling…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-03-15 Enrique Vazquez-Semadeni

Turbulence plays a crucial role in shaping the structure of the interstellar medium. The ratio of the three-dimensional density contrast ($\sigma_{\rho/\rho_0}$) to the turbulent sonic Mach number ($\mathcal{M}$) of an isothermal,…

We present results from high-resolution three-dimensional simulations of the turbulent interstellar medium that study the influence of the nature of the turbulence on the formation of molecular hydrogen. We have examined both solenoidal…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Milica Micic , Simon C. O. Glover , Christoph Federrath , Ralf S. Klessen

I discuss the role of self-gravity and radiative heating and cooling in shaping the nature of the turbulence in the interstellar medium (ISM) of our galaxy. The heating and cooling cause it to be highly compressible, and, in some regimes of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2012-02-22 Enrique Vazquez-Semadeni

How does turbulence contribute to the formation and structure of the dense interstellar medium (ISM)? Molecular clouds are dense, high-pressure objects. It is usually argued that gravitational confinement causes the high pressures, and that…

Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-18 Mordecai-Mark Mac Low

We present 3D radiation-gasdynamical simulations of an ionization front running into a dense clump. In our setup, a B0 star irradiates an overdensity which is at a distance of 10 pc and modelled as a supercritical 100 M_sol Bonnor-Ebert…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-12-17 Thomas Peters , Robi Banerjee , Ralf S. Klessen

Supersonic flows in the interstellar medium (ISM) are believed to be a key driver of the molecular cloud formation and evolution. Among molecular clouds' properties, the ratio between the solenoidal and compressive modes of turbulence plays…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-05-18 Masato I. N. Kobayashi , Tsuyoshi Inoue , Kengo Tomida , Kazunari Iwasaki , Hiroki Nakatsugawa

Complex turbulent motions of magnetized gas are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium. The source of this turbulence, however, is still poorly understood. Previous work suggests that compression caused by supernova shockwaves, gravity, or…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-02-26 Ankush Mandal , Christoph Federrath , Bastian Körtgen

MHD turbulence plays a central role in the physics of star-forming molecular clouds and the interstellar medium. I here show that MHD turbulence in molecular clouds must be driven to account for the observed supersonic motions in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mordecai-Mark Mac Low

I model the multi-phase interstellar medium (ISM) randomly heated and shocked by supernovae, with gravity, differential rotation and other parameters we understand to be typical of the solar neighbourhood. The simulations are 3D extending…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-12-15 Frederick Gent
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