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Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) in real-world applications often come with various constraints, therefore bring additional computational challenges to exact solution methods or heuristic search approaches. The recent idea to learn heuristic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Qiaoyue Tang , Yangzhe Kong , Lemeng Pan , Choonmeng Lee

Neural solvers based on the divide-and-conquer approach for Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) in general, and capacitated VRP (CVRP) in particular, integrates the global partition of an instance with local constructions for each subproblem to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Yuxin Pan , Ruohong Liu , Yize Chen , Zhiguang Cao , Fangzhen Lin

For NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, it is usually difficult to find high-quality solutions in polynomial time. The design of either an exact algorithm or an approximate algorithm for these problems often requires significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Kun Lei , Peng Guo , Yi Wang , Xiao Wu , Wenchao Zhao

The Heterogeneous Fleet Vehicle Routing Problem (HFVRP) is an important variant of the classical Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) that aims to find routes that minimize the total traveling cost of a heterogeneous fleet of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-29 Vinícius R. Máximo , Jean-François Cordeau , Mariá C. V. Nascimento

Existing deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based methods for solving the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) intrinsically cope with homogeneous vehicle fleet, in which the fleet is assumed as repetitions of a single vehicle. Hence,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Jingwen Li , Yining Ma , Ruize Gao , Zhiguang Cao , Andrew Lim , Wen Song , Jie Zhang

Vehicle routing problem (VRP) is an NP-hard optimization problem that has been an interest of research for decades in science and industry. The objective is to plan routes of vehicles to deliver a fixed number of customers with optimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-14 Nishikanta Mohanty , Bikash K. Behera

Routing problems are often faced by companies who serve costumers through vehicles. Such problems have a challenging structure to optimize, despite the recent advances in combinatorial optimization. The goal of this project is to study and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Felipe F. Müller , Luis A. A. Meira

The Profiled Vehicle Routing Problem (PVRP) extends the classical VRP by incorporating vehicle-client-specific preferences and constraints, reflecting real-world requirements such as zone restrictions and service-level preferences. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Chuanbo Hua , Federico Berto , Zhikai Zhao , Jiwoo Son , Changhyun Kwon , Jinkyoo Park

Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) has emerged as a promising learning-based paradigm for addressing Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) by minimizing the need for extensive manual engineering. While existing NCO methods, trained on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Yuanyao Chen , Rongsheng Chen , Fu Luo , Zhenkun Wang

We present a novel framework that combines machine learning with mixed-integer optimization to solve the Capacitated Location-Routing Problem (CLRP). The CLRP is a classical NP-hard problem that integrates strategic facility location with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Waquar Kaleem , Doyoung Lee , Changhyun Kwon , Anirudh Subramanyam

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a fundamental challenge in logistics management research, given its substantial influence on transportation efficiency, cost minimization, and service quality. As a combinatorial optimization problem,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Souad Abdoune , Menouar Boulif

In this paper, we evaluate the use of Reinforcement Learning (RL) to solve a classic combinatorial optimization problem: the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP). We formalize this problem in the RL framework and compare two of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Leo Ardon

This paper introduces a reinforcement learning approach to optimize the Stochastic Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (SVRP), focusing on reducing travel costs in goods delivery. We develop a novel SVRP formulation that accounts for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Zangir Iklassov , Ikboljon Sobirov , Ruben Solozabal , Martin Takac

Metaheuristics are widely employed to solve hard optimization problems, like vehicle routing problems (VRP), for which exact solution methods are impractical. In particular, local search-based metaheuristics have been successfully applied…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-12 Vinícius R. Máximo , Mariá C. V. Nascimento

Planning a network of public transit routes is a challenging optimization problem. Metaheuristic algorithms search through the space of possible transit networks by applying heuristics that randomly alter routes in a network. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Andrew Holliday , Ahmed El-Geneidy , Gregory Dudek

Constructive neural combinatorial optimization (NCO) has attracted growing research attention due to its ability to solve complex routing problems without relying on handcrafted rules. However, existing NCO methods face significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Changliang Zhou , Xi Lin , Zhenkun Wang , Qingfu Zhang

The Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP) extends the classical Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) to reflect the growing use of electric and hybrid vehicles in logistics. Due to the variety of constraints considered in the literature,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 David Woller , Viktor Kozák , Miroslav Kulich , Libor Přeučil

Deep learning approaches have shown promising results in solving routing problems. However, there is still a substantial gap in solution quality between machine learning and operations research algorithms. Recently, another line of research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Nasrin Sultana , Jeffrey Chan , Tabinda Sarwar , Babak Abbasi , A. K. Qin

This paper deals with the Pollution-Routing Problem (PRP), a Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with environmental considerations, recently introduced in the literature by [Bektas and Laporte (2011), Transport. Res. B-Meth. 45 (8), 1232-1250].…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-04-22 Raphael Kramer , Anand Subramanian , Thibaut Vidal , Lucídio dos Anjos Formiga Cabral

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is a fundamental NP-hard problem with broad applications in logistics and transportation. Real-world CVRPs often involve diverse objectives and complex constraints, such as time windows or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Wen Wang , Xiangchen Wu , Liang Wang , Hao Hu , Xianping Tao