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Individuals with upper limb mobility impairments often require assistive technologies to perform activities of daily living. While gaze-tracking has emerged as a promising method for robotic assistance, existing solutions lack sufficient…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Rafael R. Baptista , Nina R. Gerszberg , Ricardo V. Godoy , Gustavo J. G. Lahr

Effective eye contact is a cornerstone of successful public speaking. It strengthens the speaker's credibility and fosters audience engagement. Yet, managing effective eye contact is a skill that demands extensive training and practice,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Lingyu Du , Xucong Zhang , Guohao Lan

Humans sense of distance depends on the integration of multi sensory cues. The incoming visual luminance, auditory pitch and tactile vibration could all contribute to the ability of distance judgement. This ability can be enhanced if the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Feng Feng , Tony Stockman

Purpose. We present a new method to evaluate the accuracy of an eye tracker based eye localization system. Measuring the accuracy of an eye tracker's primary intention, the estimated point of gaze, is usually done with volunteers and a set…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Stephan Wyder , Philippe C. Cattin

Smart glasses enhance interactions with the environment by using head-mounted cameras to observe the user's viewpoint, but lack the visual feedback used for common interactions. We introduce Gazeify then Voiceify, a multimodal approach…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Zheng Zhang , Mengjie Yu , Tianyi Wang , Kashyap Todi , Ajoy Savio Fernandes , Yue Liu , Haijun Xia , Tovi Grossman , Tanya Jonker

We introduce EyeTheia, a lightweight and open deep learning pipeline for webcam-based gaze estimation, designed for browser-based experimental platforms and real-world cognitive and clinical research. EyeTheia enables real-time gaze…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Stevenson Pather , Niels Martignène , Arnaud Bugnet , Fouad Boutaleb , Fabien D'Hondt , Deise Santana Maia

Accuracy and speed are pivotal when typing. Mixed reality typing is typically performed by typing on a midair keyboard with your index fingers. This deprives users of both the tactile feedback available on physical devices and the ability…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Cecilia Schmitz , Joshua Reynolds , Scott Kuhl , Keith Vertanen

Eye tracking has become an essential human-machine interaction modality for providing immersive experience in numerous virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) applications desiring high throughput (e.g., 240 FPS), small-form, and enhanced…

In this paper we consider the problem of tracking the progression of reading through eye-gaze measurements. Such an algorithm is novel and will ultimately help to develop a method of analyzing eye-gaze data which had been collected during…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Stephen Bottos , Balakumar Balasingam

For humans, both the proprioception and touch sensing are highly utilized when performing haptic perception. However, most approaches in robotics use only either proprioceptive data or touch data in haptic object recognition. In this paper,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-06-21 Shan Luo , Wenxuan Mou , Kaspar Althoefer , Hongbin Liu

For machines to effectively assist humans in challenging visual search tasks, they must differentiate whether a human is simply glancing into a scene (navigational intent) or searching for a target object (informational intent). Previous…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mansi Sharma , Shuang Chen , Philipp Müller , Maurice Rekrut , Antonio Krüger

This study presents a novel framework for 3D gaze tracking tailored for mixed-reality settings, aimed at enhancing joint attention and collaborative efforts in team-based scenarios. Conventional gaze tracking, often limited by monocular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Eduardo Davalos , Yike Zhang , Ashwin T. S. , Joyce H. Fonteles , Umesh Timalsina , Guatam Biswas

Eye Tracking (ET) can help to understand visual attention and cognitive processes in interactive environments. In attention tasks, distinguishing between relevant target objects and distractors is crucial for effective performance, yet the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Abdul Rehman , Ilona Heldal , Jerry Chun-Wei Lin

Eye-tracking technology is widely used in various application areas such as psychology, neuroscience, marketing, and human-computer interaction, as it is a valuable tool for understanding how people process information and interact with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Enkelejda Kasneci , Hong Gao , Suleyman Ozdel , Virmarie Maquiling , Enkeleda Thaqi , Carrie Lau , Yao Rong , Gjergji Kasneci , Efe Bozkir

Gaze-based interaction techniques have created significant interest in the field of spatial interaction. Many of these methods require additional input modalities, such as hand gestures (e.g., gaze coupled with pinch). Those can be…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Tim Rolff , Jenny Gabel , Lauren Zerbin , Niklas Hypki , Susanne Schmidt , Markus Lappe , Frank Steinicke

Individuals with tetraplegia and similar forms of paralysis suffer physically and emotionally due to a lack of autonomy. To help regain part of this autonomy, assistive robotic arms have been shown to increase living independence. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Emanuel Nunez Sardinha , Marcela Munera , Nancy Zook , David Western , Virginia Ruiz Garate

Even before the Covid-19 pandemic, beneficial use cases for hygienic, touchless human-machine interaction have been explored. Gaze input, i.e., information input via eye-movements of users, represents a promising method for contact-free…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Zhe Zeng , Sai Liu , Hao Cheng , Hailong Liu , Yang Li , Yu Feng , Felix Wilhelm Siebert

Gaze and face tracking algorithms have traditionally battled a compromise between computational complexity and accuracy; the most accurate neural net algorithms cannot be implemented in real time, but less complex real-time algorithms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-21 George He , Sami Oueida , Tucker Ward

Human eye gaze plays a significant role in many virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) applications, such as gaze-contingent rendering, gaze-based interaction, or eye-based activity recognition. However, prior works on gaze analysis and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Zhiming Hu , Jiahui Xu , Syn Schmitt , Andreas Bulling

Human capabilities in understanding visual relations are far superior to those of AI systems, especially for previously unseen objects. For example, while AI systems struggle to determine whether two such objects are visually the same or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Oleh Kolner , Thomas Ortner , Stanisław Woźniak , Angeliki Pantazi