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We initiate the study of the following general clustering problem. We seek to partition a given set $P$ of data points into $k$ clusters by finding a set $X$ of $k$ centers and assigning each data point to one of the centers. The cost of a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Martin G. Herold , Evangelos Kipouridis , Joachim Spoerhase

In the Max-k-diameter problem, we are given a set of points in a metric space, and the goal is to partition the input points into k parts such that the maximum pairwise distance between points in the same part of the partition is minimized.…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Henry Fleischmann , Kyrylo Karlov , Karthik C. S. , Ashwin Padaki , Stepan Zharkov

Graph clustering plays a pivotal role in unsupervised learning methods like spectral clustering, yet traditional methods for graph clustering often perpetuate bias through unfair graph constructions that may underrepresent some groups. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Adithya K Moorthy , V Vijaya Saradhi , Bhanu Prasad

We consider the problem of diversity enhancing clustering, i.e, developing clustering methods which produce clusters that favour diversity with respect to a set of protected attributes such as race, sex, age, etc. In the context of fair…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-27 Eustasio del Barrio , Hristo Inouzhe , Jean-Michel Loubes

When selecting locations for a set of facilities, standard clustering algorithms may place unfair burden on some individuals and neighborhoods. We formulate a fairness concept that takes local population densities into account. In…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Christopher Jung , Sampath Kannan , Neil Lutz

In this paper, we consider the Minimum-Load $k$-Clustering/Facility Location (MLkC) problem where we are given a set $P$ of $n$ points in a metric space that we have to cluster and an integer $k$ that denotes the number of clusters.…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Sayan Bandyapadhyay , Fedor V. Fomin , Petr A. Golovach , Nidhi Purohit , Kirill Simonov

Clustering with outliers is one of the most fundamental problems in Computer Science. Given a set $X$ of $n$ points and two integers $k$ and $m$, the clustering with outliers aims to exclude $m$ points from $X$ and partition the remaining…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Akanksha Agrawal , Tanmay Inamdar , Saket Saurabh , Jie Xue

In the Non-Uniform $k$-Center problem, a generalization of the famous $k$-center clustering problem, we want to cover the given set of points in a metric space by finding a placement of balls with specified radii. In $t$-NU$k$C Problem, we…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Tanmay Inamdar , Kasturi Varadarajan

We consider the $k$-clustering problem with $\ell_p$-norm cost, which includes $k$-median, $k$-means and $k$-center, under an individual notion of fairness proposed by Jung et al. [2020]: given a set of points $P$ of size $n$, a set of $k$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Ali Vakilian , Mustafa Yalçıner

In this paper, we present a local search-based algorithm for individually fair clustering in the presence of outliers. We consider the individual fairness definition proposed in Jung et al., which requires that each of the $n$ points in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Binita Maity , Shrutimoy Das , Anirban Dasgupta

There are synergies of research interests and industrial efforts in modeling fairness and correcting algorithmic bias in machine learning. In this paper, we present a scalable algorithm for spectral clustering (SC) with group fairness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Ji Wang , Ding Lu , Ian Davidson , Zhaojun Bai

Fair clustering has traditionally focused on ensuring equitable group representation or equalizing group-specific clustering costs. However, Dickerson et al. (2025) recently showed that these fairness notions may yield undesirable or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Claire Jie Zhang , Seyed A. Esmaeili , Jamie Morgenstern

In this work, we study a range of constrained versions of the $k$-supplier and $k$-center problems such as: capacitated, fault-tolerant, fair, etc. These problems fall under a broad framework of constrained clustering. A unified framework…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Dishant Goyal , Ragesh Jaiswal

Spectral clustering has become a popular technique due to its high performance in many contexts. It comprises three main steps: create a similarity graph between N objects to cluster, compute the first k eigenvectors of its Laplacian matrix…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-05-24 Nicolas Tremblay , Gilles Puy , Remi Gribonval , Pierre Vandergheynst

In this work, we study the hardness of approximation of the fair $k$-center problem. In this problem, we are given a set of data points in a metric space that is partitioned into groups and the task is to choose a subset of $k$-data points,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Suhas Thejaswi

We study the problem of explainable clustering in the setting first formalized by Dasgupta, Frost, Moshkovitz, and Rashtchian (ICML 2020). A $k$-clustering is said to be explainable if it is given by a decision tree where each internal node…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Buddhima Gamlath , Xinrui Jia , Adam Polak , Ola Svensson

Given a stream of points in a metric space, is it possible to maintain a constant approximate clustering by changing the cluster centers only a small number of times during the entire execution of the algorithm? This question received…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Hendrik Fichtenberger , Silvio Lattanzi , Ashkan Norouzi-Fard , Ola Svensson

Fair clustering has gained increasing attention in recent years, especially in applications involving socially sensitive attributes. However, existing fair clustering methods often lack interpretability, limiting their applicability in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Mudi Jiang , Jiahui Zhou , Xinying Liu , Zengyou He , Zhikui Chen

Research in fair machine learning, and particularly clustering, has been crucial in recent years given the many ethical controversies that modern intelligent systems have posed. Ahmadian et al. [2020] established the study of fairness in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Marina Knittel , Max Springer , John Dickerson , MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi

Connected clustering denotes a family of constrained clustering problems in which we are given a distance metric and an undirected connectivity graph $G$ that can be completely unrelated to the metric. The aim is to partition the $n$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jan Eube , Heiko Röglin