Related papers: Elitism in Mathematics and Inequality
Nations with non-competitive higher education systems and with high levels of corruption, are more exposed to phenomena of discrimination and favoritism in faculty recruitment. Italy is a case in point, as shown by empirical studies,…
Programming is deeply embedded in contemporary mathematical practice, yet its epistemic status in university mathematics teaching remains contested. Little is known about how mathematicians themselves understand the legitimacy of…
Inequality proving, crucial across diverse scientific and mathematical fields, tests advanced reasoning skills such as discovering tight bounds and strategic theorem application. This makes it a distinct, demanding frontier for large…
We know that language models (LMs) form biases and stereotypes of minorities, leading to unfair treatments of members of these groups, thanks to research mainly in the US and the broader English-speaking world. As the negative behavior of…
Algorithmic fairness, the research field of making machine learning (ML) algorithms fair, is an established area in ML. As ML technologies expand their application domains, including ones with high societal impact, it becomes essential to…
This article is a part of the report for the research project ``Reform of the Course System and Teaching Content of Higher Mathematics (For Non-Mathematical Specialties)'' in 1995, supported by the National Ministry of Education. There are…
This survey article assesses and compares existing critiques of current fairness-enhancing technical interventions into machine learning (ML) that draw from a range of non-computing disciplines, including philosophy, feminist studies,…
Each number field has an associated finite abelian group, the class group, that records certain properties of arithmetic within the ring of integers of the field. The class group is well-studied, yet also still mysterious. A central…
We study four (families of) sets of algebraic integers of degree less than or equal to three. Apart from being simply defined, we show that they share two distinctive characteristics: almost uniformity and arithmetical independence. Here,…
Mathematical problem solving remains a challenging test of reasoning for large language and multimodal models, yet existing benchmarks are limited in size, language coverage, and task diversity. We introduce MathNet, a high-quality,…
Following the recent achievement of gold-medal performance on the IMO by frontier LLMs, the community is searching for the next meaningful and challenging target for measuring LLM reasoning. Whereas olympiad-style problems measure…
The old lie of mathematical inadequacy of Indigenous communities has been curiously persistent despite increasing evidence shows that many Indigenous communities practiced mathematics. Attempts to study and teach Indigenous mathematical…
There has been an increasing trend of females performing better than males academically across the mathematical engineering courses. To confirm this assumption, final marks of two independent samples of students from Calculus courses across…
Women and men pursue different but complementary forms of scientific innovation. Analyzing 261,452 solo-authored papers by U.S. scholars, with patterns confirmed by millions of multi-authored articles, we show that women more often bridge…
With rising life expectancies around the world and an older scientific workforce than ever before, what does aging mean for individual scientists, and what do aging scientists mean for scientific progress as a whole? Here we examine how…
Ensembles of Deep Neural Networks, Deep Ensembles, are widely used as a simple way to boost predictive performance. However, their impact on algorithmic fairness is not well understood yet. Algorithmic fairness examines how a model's…
The problem of class imbalance is extensive for focusing on numerous applications in the real world. In such a situation, nearly all of the examples are labeled as one class called majority class, while far fewer examples are labeled as the…
Since the publication of Robert K. Merton's theory of cumulative advantage in science (Matthew Effect), several empirical studies have tried to measure its presence at the level of papers, individual researchers, institutions or countries.…
Academic challenges comprise effective means for (i) advancing the state of the art, (ii) putting in the spotlight of a scientific community specific topics and problems, as well as (iii) closing the gap for under represented communities in…
Social and economic inequality is a plague of the XXI Century. It is continuously widening, as the wealth of a relatively small group increases and, therefore, the rest of the world shares a shrinking fraction of resources. This situation…