Related papers: String monopoles, string walls, vortex-skyrmions a…
The composited cosmological defects in superfluids of nafen-disorded 3He are discussed in this review article. In spite of the existence of the half quantum vortices (Alice strings), more novel composited cosmological defects such as Nambu…
The Kibble-Lazarides-Shafi (KLS) domain wall problem in the axion solution of CP violation in QCD has condensed-matter based analogy in the nafen-distorted superfluid $^3$He. Recent experiment in rotating superfluid $^3$He produced the…
Topological defects such as cosmic strings may have been formed at early-universe phase transitions. Direct tests of this idea are impossible, but the mechanism can be elucidated by studying analogous processes in low-temperature…
In cosmological scenarios based on grand unification, string theory or braneworlds, many kinds of topological or non-topological defects, including monopoles and cosmic strings, are predicted to be formed in the early universe. Here we…
The topic of cosmic strings provides a bridge between the physics of the very small and the very large. They are predicted by some unified theories of particle interactions. If they exist, they may help to explain some of the largest-scale…
Superfluid phases of $^3$He discovered in 1972 opened the new area of the application of topological methods to condensed matter systems. Due to the multi-component order parameter which characterizes the broken $SO(3)\times SO(3)\times…
Spin-mass vortices have been observed to form in rotating superfluid 3He-B following the absorption of a thermal neutron and a rapid transition from the normal to superfluid state. The spin-mass vortex is a composite defect which consists…
Cosmic strings are linear concentrations of energy that form whenever phase transitions in the early universe break axial symmetries as originally shown by Kibble. They are the result of frustrated order in the quantum fields responsible…
We investigate the mechanism by which topological defects form in first order phase transitions with a charged order parameter. We show how thick superconductor vortices and heavy cosmic strings form by trapping of magnetic flux. In an…
In these lectures, I review cosmological phase transitions and the topological aspects of spontaneous symmetry breaking. I then discuss the formation of walls, strings and monopoles during phase transitions including lattice based studies…
Kibble and Zurek have provided a unifying causal picture for the appearance of topological defects like cosmic strings or vortices at the onset of phase transitions in relativistic QFT and condensed matter systems respectively. There is no…
We study various composites of global solitons consisting of domain walls, strings, and monopoles in linear $O(N)$ models with $N=2$ and $3$. Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) of the $O(N)$ symmetry down to $O(N-1)$ results in the vacuum…
Symmetries of the physical world have guided formulation of fundamental laws, including relativistic quantum field theory and understanding of possible states of matter. Topological defects (TDs) often control the universal behavior of…
Cosmic strings are one-dimensional topological defects which could have been formed in the early stages of our Universe. They triggered a lot of interest, mainly for their cosmological implications: they could offer an alternative to…
Superconductors are the only experimentally accessible systems with spontaneously broken gauge symmetries which support topologically nontrivial defects, namely string defects. We propose two experiments whose aim is the observation of the…
We study the formation of cosmic strings by confining a stochastic magnetic field into flux tubes in a numerical simulation. We use overdamped evolution in a potential that is minimized when the flux through each face in the simulation…
We consider the emergent tetrad gravity and the analog of antispacetime realized in the recent experiments ( J.T. Makinen, et al., Nat. Comm. 10, 237 (2019)) on the composite defects in superfluid $^3$He: the Kibble walls bounded by strings…
We investigate the cosmological consequences of particle physics theories that admit stable loops of superconducting cosmic string - {\it vortons}. General symmetry breaking schemes are considered, in which strings are formed at one energy…
We find a emergent azimuthal-angle dependency of the Nielsen-Olesen vortices in the general relativistic situation just after the symmetry breaking at GUT-scale. Using a high-frequency perturbation method, we obtain in the first and second…
We investigate cosmic strings arising from a hierarchical gauge symmetry breaking sequence, $\mathrm{SU}(2) \times \mathrm{U}(1) \rightarrow \mathrm{U}(1) \times \mathrm{U}(1) \rightarrow \mathrm{U}(1)' \rightarrow \text{Nothing}$. This…