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We propose a scheme for performing quantum key distribution (QKD) which has the potential to beat schemes based on the direct transmission of photons between the communicating parties. In our proposal, the communicating parties exchange…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-04 David Luong , Liang Jiang , Jungsang Kim , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables unconditionally secure communication between distinct parties using a quantum channel and an authentic public channel. Reducing the portion of quantum-generated secret keys, that is consumed during the…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows the establishment of common cryptographic keys among distant parties. Many of the QKD protocols that were introduced in the past involve the challenge of monitoring the signal disturbance over the…

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) is the only known QKD scheme that can completely overcome the problem of detection side-channel attacks. Yet, despite its practical importance, there is no standard approach…

Existing security proofs of quantum key distribution (QKD) suffer from two fundamental weaknesses. First, memory attacks have emerged as an important threat to the security of even device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-14 Marcos Curty , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) has been proposed as a method for securely exchanging keys to protect against the security concerns caused by potential advancements in quantum computing. In addition to optical fibre…

Implementation security, higher generation rate, and lower cost are primary missions in the domain of quantum key distributions in recent years. However, simultaneously achieving robust security, high speed, and low cost often resembles an…

This work is intended as an introduction to cryptographic security and a motivation for the widely used Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) security definition. We review the notion of security necessary for a protocol to be usable in a larger…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-09-12 Christopher Portmann , Renato Renner

Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution (TF-QKD) enables two distant parties to establish a shared secret key, by interfering weak coherent pulses (WCPs) in an intermediate measuring station. This allows TF-QKD to reach greater distances than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-08 Giacomo Carrara , Gláucia Murta , Federico Grasselli

Large-scale quantum communication networks are still a huge challenge due to the rate-distance limit of quantum key distribution (QKD). Recently, twin-field (TF) QKD has been proposed to overcome this limit. Here, we prove that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-21 Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

The security of quantum key distribution (QKD) is evaluated based on the secrecy of Alice's key and the correctness of the keys held by Alice and Bob. A practical method for ensuring correctness is known as error verification, in which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Toyohiro Tsurumaru , Akihiro Mizutani , Toshihiko Sasaki

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the first quantum information task to reach the level of mature technology, already fit for commercialization. It aims at the creation of a secret key between authorized partners connected by a quantum…

The quantum key distribution for multiparty is one of the essential subjects of study. Especially, without using entangled states, performing the quantum key distribution for multiparty is a critical area of research. For this purpose,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-27 Min Namkung , Younghun Kwon

In this paper we review a number of issues on the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols that bear directly on the relevant physics or mathematical representation of the QKD cryptosystem. It is shown that the cryptosystem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-08 Horace P. Yuen

Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution (TF-QKD) has emerged as a potential protocol for long distance secure communication, overcoming the rate-distance limitations of conventional quantum key distribution without requiring trusted repeaters.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Syed M. Arslan , Syed Shahmir , Noureldin Mohammad , Saif Al-Kuwari , Muataz Alhussein

Quantum key distribution (QKD offers a long-term solution to establish information-theoretically secure keys between two distant users. In practice, with a careful characterization of quantum sources and the decoy-state method,…

We propose a QKD protocol for trusted node relays. Our protocol shifts the communication and computational weight of classical post-processing to the end users by reassigning the roles of error correction and privacy amplification, while…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-12 William Stacey , Razieh Annabestani , Xiongfeng Ma , Norbert Lütkenhaus

We propose a new quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on the fully quantum mechanical states of the Faraday rotators. The protocol is unconditionally secure against collective attacks for multi-photon source up to two photons on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-09-24 Taeseung Choi , Mahn-Soo Choi

The device-independent approach to quantum key distribution (QKD) aims to establish a secret key between two or more parties with untrusted devices, potentially under full control of a quantum adversary. The performance of a QKD protocol…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-07 Timo Holz , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a theoretically secure method to share secret keys, yet practical implementations face challenges due to noise and loss over long-distance channels. Traditional QKD protocols require extensive noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-01 Hannah Seabrook , Emilien Lavie , Teodor Strömberg , Matthew P. Stafford , Giulia Rubino