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There is a well-known problem in Null Hypothesis Significance Testing: many statistically significant results fail to replicate in subsequent experiments. We show that this problem arises because standard `point-form null' significance…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-06 Fintan Costello , Paul Watts

I study identification, estimation and inference for spillover effects in experiments where units' outcomes may depend on the treatment assignments of other units within a group. I show that the commonly-used reduced-form linear-in-means…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-01-21 Gonzalo Vazquez-Bare

Research often necessitates of samples, yet obtaining large enough samples is not always possible. When it is, the researcher may use one of two methods for deciding upon the required sample size: rules-of-thumb, quick yet uncertain, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-04-08 Jose D. Perezgonzalez

In a novel approach to the multiple testing problem, Efron (2004; 2007) formulated estimators of the distribution of test statistics or nominal p-values under a null distribution suitable for modeling the data of thousands of unaffected…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-10-30 David R. Bickel

Experiments often yield non-identically distributed data for statistical analysis. Tests of hypothesis under such set-ups are generally performed using the likelihood ratio test, which is non-robust with respect to outliers and model…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-25 Abhik Ghosh , Ayanendranath Basu

Random-effects models are frequently used to synthesise information from different studies in meta-analysis. While likelihood-based inference is attractive both in terms of limiting properties and of implementation, its application in…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-16 Ioannis Kosmidis , Annamaria Guolo , Cristiano Varin

While there exists a large amount of literature on the general challenges of and best practices for trustworthy online A/B testing, there are limited studies on sample size estimation, which plays a crucial role in trustworthy and efficient…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-21 Jing Zhou , Jiannan Lu , Anas Shallah

Using only a binary intervention and outcome and the design of the randomization within an experiment, we construct a design-based likelihood of the joint distribution of potential outcomes in the sample -- the numbers of always takers,…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-03-24 Neil Christy , Amanda Ellen Kowalski

We consider three problems in high-dimensional Gaussian linear mixed models. Without any assumptions on the design for the fixed effects, we construct an asymptotic $F$-statistic for testing whether a collection of random effects is zero,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-07-30 Michael Law , Ya'acov Ritov

Many statistical problems involve data from thousands of parallel cases. Each case has some associated effect size, and most cases will have no effect. It is often important to estimate the effect size and the local or tail-area false…

Applications · Statistics 2010-10-08 Omkar Muralidharan

In cell biology, statistical analysis means testing the hypothesis that there was no effect. This weak form of hypothesis testing neglects effect size, is universally misinterpreted, and is disastrously prone to error when combined with…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-13 Josh L. Morgan

Reducing the number of experimental units is one of the three pillars of the 3R principles (Replace, Reduce, Refine) in animal research. At the same time, statistical error rates need to be controlled to enable reliable inferences and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-08 Leonhard Held , Fadoua Balabdaoui , Saverio Fontana , Samuel Pawel

Our primary aim is to find an estimate of the expected shortfall in various situations: (1) Nonparametric situation, when the probability distribution of the incurred loss is unknown, only satisfying some general conditions. Then, following…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-26 Jana Jurečková , Jan Kalina , Jan Večeř

The selection of the assumed effect size (AES) critically determines the duration of an experiment, and hence its accuracy and efficiency. Traditionally, experimenters determine AES based on domain knowledge. However, this method becomes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yu Liu , Runzhe Wan , James McQueen , Doug Hains , Jinxiang Gu , Rui Song

This work proposes a statistical model for crossover trials with multiple skewed responses measured in each period. A 3 $\times$ 3 crossover trial data where different drug doses were administered to subjects with a history of seasonal…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-09 Savita Pareek , Kalyan Das , Siuli Mukhopadhyay

In the past two decades, psychological science has experienced an unprecedented replicability crisis which uncovered several issues. Among others, statistical inference is too often viewed as an isolated procedure limited to the analysis of…

Experiments deliver credible treatment-effect estimates but, because they are costly, are often restricted to specific sites, small populations, or particular mechanisms. A common practice across several fields is therefore to combine…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-30 Aristotelis Epanomeritakis , Davide Viviano

While running any experiment, we often have to consider the statistical power to ensure an effective study. Statistical power or power ensures that we can observe an effect with high probability if such a true effect exists. However,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-21 Ajinkya K Mulay , Sean Lane , Erin Hennes

Random-effects models are frequently used to synthesise information from different studies in meta-analysis. While likelihood-based inference is attractive both in terms of limiting properties and of implementation, its application in…

Applications · Statistics 2018-05-25 Sophia Kyriakou , Ioannis Kosmidis , Nicola Sartori

This paper studies experimental designs for estimation and inference on policies with spillover effects. Units are organized into a finite number of large clusters and interact in unknown ways within each cluster. First, we introduce a…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-05-06 Davide Viviano , Jess Rudder