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Phishing remains a critical cybersecurity threat, especially with the advent of large language models (LLMs) capable of generating highly convincing malicious content. Unlike earlier phishing attempts which are identifiable by grammatical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Deeksha Hareesha Kulal , Chidozie Princewill Arannonu , Afsah Anwar , Nidhi Rastogi , Quamar Niyaz

Phishing is a way of stealing people's sensitive information such as username, password and banking details by disguising as a legitimate entity (i.e. email, website). Anti-phishing education considered to be vital in strengthening "human",…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Matheesha Fernando , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage

Phishing is a critical cyber threat, exploiting deceptive tactics to compromise victims and cause significant financial losses. While reference-based phishing detectors (RBPDs) have achieved notable advancements in detection accuracy, their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Yuexin Li , Hiok Kuek Tan , Qiaoran Meng , Mei Lin Lock , Tri Cao , Shumin Deng , Nay Oo , Hoon Wei Lim , Bryan Hooi

Most of researches on image forensics have been mainly focused on detection of artifacts introduced by a single processing tool. They lead in the development of many specialized algorithms looking for one or more particular footprints under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-01-31 Habib Ghaffari Hadigheh , Ghazali bin sulong

The threat of attack faced by cyber-physical systems (CPSs), especially when they play a critical role in automating public infrastructure, has motivated research into a wide variety of attack defence mechanisms. Assessing their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Yuqi Chen , Christopher M. Poskitt , Jun Sun , Sridhar Adepu , Fan Zhang

Free Website Building services (FWBs) provide individuals with a cost-effective and convenient way to create a website without requiring advanced technical knowledge or coding skills. However, malicious actors often abuse these services to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Sayak Saha Roy , Unique Karanjit , Shirin Nilizadeh

Phishing and spear-phishing are typical examples of masquerade attacks since trust is built up through impersonation for the attack to succeed. Given the prevalence of these attacks, considerable research has been conducted on these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Avisha Das , Shahryar Baki , Ayman El Aassal , Rakesh Verma , Arthur Dunbar

Phishing is a type of attack in which cyber criminals tricks the victims to steal their personal and financial data. It has become an organized criminal activity. Spoofed emails claiming to be from legitimate source are crafted in a way to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-05-14 Ahmad Alamgir Khan

The most widespread type of phishing attack involves email messages with links pointing to malicious content. Despite user training and the use of detection techniques, these attacks are still highly effective. Recent studies show that it…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Daniele Lain , Yoshimichi Nakatsuka , Kari Kostiainen , Gene Tsudik , Srdjan Capkun

In this paper, we introduce PhishLang, the first fully client-side anti-phishing framework built on a lightweight ensemble framework that utilizes advanced language models to analyze the contextual features of a website's source code and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Sayak Saha Roy , Shirin Nilizadeh

Fraud is a prevalent offence that extends beyond financial loss, causing psychological and physical harm to victims. The advancements in online communication technologies alowed for online fraud to thrive in this vast network, with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Antonis Papasavva , Shane Johnson , Ed Lowther , Samantha Lundrigan , Enrico Mariconti , Anna Markovska , Nilufer Tuptuk

Fuzzing is an automated application vulnerability detection method. For genetic algorithm-based fuzzing, it can mutate the seed files provided by users to obtain a number of inputs, which are then used to test the objective application in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Chenyang Lyu , Shouling Ji , Yuwei Li , Junfeng Zhou , Jianhai Chen , Jing Chen

Web-based phishing accounts for over 90% of data breaches, and most web-browsers and security vendors rely on machine-learning (ML) models as mitigation. Despite this, links posted regularly on anti-phishing aggregators such as PhishTank…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Arthur Wong , Alsharif Abuadbba , Mahathir Almashor , Salil Kanhere

In recent times, I've encountered a principle known as cloud computing, a model that simplifies user access to data and computing power on a demand basis. The main objective of cloud computing is to accommodate users' growing needs by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Peyman Khordadpour , Saeed Ahmadi

Background: Explainability in phishing detection model can support a further solution of phishing attack mitigation by increasing trust and understanding how phishing can be detected. Objective: The aims of this study to determine and best…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Abdullah Fajar , Setiadi Yazid , Indra Budi

Phishing is one of the most prevalent and expensive types of cybercrime faced by organizations and individuals worldwide. Most prior research has focused on various technical features and traditional representations of text to characterize…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Tarini Saka , Rachiyta Jain , Kami Vaniea , Nadin Kökciyan

Phishing campaigns involve adversaries masquerading as trusted vendors trying to trigger user behavior that enables them to exfiltrate private data. While URLs are an important part of phishing campaigns, communicative elements like text…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Fengchao Chen , Tingmin Wu , Van Nguyen , Carsten Rudolph

The escalating threat of phishing emails has become increasingly sophisticated with the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs). As attackers exploit LLMs to craft more convincing and evasive phishing emails, it is crucial to assess the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Khalifa Afane , Wenqi Wei , Ying Mao , Junaid Farooq , Juntao Chen

Research in adversarial learning has primarily focused on homogeneous unstructured datasets, which often map into the problem space naturally. Inverting a feature space attack on heterogeneous datasets into the problem space is much more…

Providing security for information is highly critical in the current era with devices enabled with smart technology, where assuming a day without the internet is highly impossible. Fast internet at a cheaper price, not only made…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Sharmila S P , Aruna Tiwari , Narendra S Chaudhari