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Compared with multi-class classification, multi-label classification that contains more than one class is more suitable in real life scenarios. Obtaining fully labeled high-quality datasets for multi-label classification problems, however,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Xin Zhang , Rabab Abdelfattah , Yuqi Song , Xiaofeng Wang

Annotated data plays a critical role in Natural Language Processing (NLP) in training models and evaluating their performance. Given recent developments in Large Language Models (LLMs), models such as ChatGPT demonstrate zero-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Minzhi Li , Taiwei Shi , Caleb Ziems , Min-Yen Kan , Nancy F. Chen , Zhengyuan Liu , Diyi Yang

Which samples should be labelled in a large data set is one of the most important problems for trainingof deep learning. So far, a variety of active sample selection strategies related to deep learning havebeen proposed in many literatures.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Peng Liu , Lizhe Wang , Guojin He , Lei Zhao

Deep active learning in the presence of outlier examples poses a realistic yet challenging scenario. Acquiring unlabeled data for annotation requires a delicate balance between avoiding outliers to conserve the annotation budget and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Vladan Stojnić , Zakaria Laskar , Giorgos Tolias

With the rapid advancement and strong generalization capabilities of large language models (LLMs), they have been increasingly incorporated into the active learning pipelines as annotators to reduce annotation costs. However, considering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Yuanyuan Qi , Xiaohao Yang , Jueqing Lu , Guoxiang Guo , Joanne Enticott , Gang Liu , Lan Du

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is a popular setting aiming to effectively utilize unlabelled data to improve model performance in downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Currently, there are two popular approaches to make use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Zhengxiang Shi , Francesco Tonolini , Nikolaos Aletras , Emine Yilmaz , Gabriella Kazai , Yunlong Jiao

The recent success of learning-based algorithms can be greatly attributed to the immense amount of annotated data used for training. Yet, many datasets lack annotations due to the high costs associated with labeling, resulting in degraded…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-27 Dana Cohen Hochberg , Hayit Greenspan , Raja Giryes

Standard myopic active learning assumes that human annotations are always obtainable whenever new samples are selected. This, however, is unrealistic in many real-world applications where human experts are not readily available at all…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-18 Yazhou Yang , Marco Loog

Supervised machine learning has become the cornerstone of today's data-driven society, increasing the need for labeled data. However, the process of acquiring labels is often expensive and tedious. One possible remedy is to use active…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Josip Jukić , Fran Jelenić , Miroslav Bićanić , Jan Šnajder

Since the preparation of labeled data for training semantic segmentation networks of point clouds is a time-consuming process, weakly supervised approaches have been introduced to learn from only a small fraction of data. These methods are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Gengxin Liu , Oliver van Kaick , Hui Huang , Ruizhen Hu

The success of deep learning has been due, in no small part, to the availability of large annotated datasets. Thus, a major bottleneck in current learning pipelines is the time-consuming human annotation of data. In scenarios where such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Alona Golts , Daniel Freedman , Michael Elad

Sequence labeling is an important technique employed for many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, such as Named Entity Recognition (NER), slot tagging for dialog systems and semantic parsing. Large-scale pre-trained language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Yaqing Wang , Subhabrata Mukherjee , Haoda Chu , Yuancheng Tu , Ming Wu , Jing Gao , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah

Post-training (via supervised fine-tuning) improves instruction-following, but often induces semantic mode collapse by biasing models toward low-entropy fine-tuning data at the expense of the high-entropy pretraining distribution.…

Human annotation is central to NLP evaluation, yet subjective tasks often exhibit substantial variability across annotators. While large language models (LLMs) can provide structured reasoning to support annotation, their influence on human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Smitha Muthya Sudheendra , Jaideep Srivastava

Labelled data is the foundation of most natural language processing tasks. However, labelling data is difficult and there often are diverse valid beliefs about what the correct data labels should be. So far, dataset creators have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Paul Röttger , Bertie Vidgen , Dirk Hovy , Janet B. Pierrehumbert

High-quality labeled datasets are essential for deep learning. Traditional manual annotation methods are not only costly and inefficient but also pose challenges in specialized domains where expert knowledge is needed. Self-supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Zhaocong liu , Fa Zhang , Lin Cheng , Huanxi Deng , Xiaoyan Yang , Zhenyu Zhang , Chichun Zhou

The promise of active learning (AL) is to reduce labelling costs by selecting the most valuable examples to annotate from a pool of unlabelled data. Identifying these examples is especially challenging with high-dimensional data (e.g.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Amin Parvaneh , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Damien Teney , Reza Haffari , Anton van den Hengel , Javen Qinfeng Shi

Deep learning methods are successfully used in applications pertaining to ubiquitous computing, health, and well-being. Specifically, the area of human activity recognition (HAR) is primarily transformed by the convolutional and recurrent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Aaqib Saeed , Tanir Ozcelebi , Johan Lukkien

Semi-supervised learning lately has shown much promise in improving deep learning models when labeled data is scarce. Common among recent approaches is the use of consistency training on a large amount of unlabeled data to constrain model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Qizhe Xie , Zihang Dai , Eduard Hovy , Minh-Thang Luong , Quoc V. Le

We propose action-agnostic point-level (AAPL) supervision for temporal action detection to achieve accurate action instance detection with a lightly annotated dataset. In the proposed scheme, a small portion of video frames is sampled in an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Shuhei M. Yoshida , Takashi Shibata , Makoto Terao , Takayuki Okatani , Masashi Sugiyama