English
Related papers

Related papers: Object-based Metamorphic Testing through Image Str…

200 papers

A test oracle serves as a criterion or mechanism to assess the correspondence between software output and the anticipated behavior for a given input set. In automated testing, black-box techniques, known for their non-intrusive nature in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Boxi Yu , Qiuyang Mang , Qingshuo Guo , Pinjia He

This article discusses the challenges of testing software systems with increasingly integrated AI and LLM functionalities. LLMs are powerful but unreliable, and labeled ground truth for testing rarely scales. Metamorphic Testing solves this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Valerio Terragni

The Image Captioning (IC) technique is widely used to describe images in natural language. Recently, some IC system testing methods have been proposed. However, these methods still rely on pre-annotated information and hence cannot really…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Xiaoyuan Xie , Xingpeng Li , Songqiang Chen

Self-driving cars have the potential to revolutionize transportation, but ensuring their safety remains a significant challenge. These systems must navigate a variety of unexpected scenarios on the road, and their complexity poses…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Tony Zhang , Burak Kantarci , Umair Siddique

Metamorphic Testing (MT) alleviates the oracle problem by defining oracles based on metamorphic relations (MRs), that govern multiple related inputs and their outputs. However, designing MRs is challenging, as it requires domain-specific…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Congying Xu , Valerio Terragni , Hengcheng Zhu , Jiarong Wu , Shing-Chi Cheung

Matrices often represent important information in scientific applications and are involved in performing complex calculations. But systematically testing these applications is hard due to the oracle problem. Metamorphic testing is an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-02-21 Karishma Rahman , Upulee Kanewala

Software testing is difficult to automate, especially in programs which have no oracle, or method of determining which output is correct. Metamorphic testing is a solution this problem. Metamorphic testing uses metamorphic relations to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-02-22 Bonnie Hardin , Upulee Kanewala

This paper presents a data-driven framework to improve the trustworthiness of US tax preparation software systems. Given the legal implications of bugs in such software on its users, ensuring compliance and trustworthiness of tax…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Saeid Tizpaz-Niari , Verya Monjezi , Morgan Wagner , Shiva Darian , Krystia Reed , Ashutosh Trivedi

Metamorphic testing (MT) is a widely recognized technique for alleviating the oracle problem in software testing. However, its adoption is hindered by the difficulty of constructing effective metamorphic relations (MRs), which often require…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Congying Xu , Hengcheng Zhu , Songqiang Chen , Jiarong Wu , Valerio Terragni , Shing-Chi Cheung

Deepfakes utilise Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to create synthetic media where the likeness of one person is replaced with another. There are growing concerns that deepfakes can be maliciously used to create misleading and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Nyee Thoang Lim , Meng Yi Kuan , Muxin Pu , Mei Kuan Lim , Chun Yong Chong

Recent advances in deep neural networks (DNNs) have led to object detectors that can rapidly process pictures or videos, and recognize the objects that they contain. Despite the promising progress by industrial manufacturers such as Amazon…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Shuai Wang , Zhendong Su

Metamorphic testing is a popular approach that aims to alleviate the oracle problem in software testing. At the core of this approach are Metamorphic Relations (MRs), specifying properties that hold among multiple test inputs and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Jon Ayerdi , Valerio Terragni , Gunel Jahangirova , Aitor Arrieta , Paolo Tonella

We have recently witnessed tremendous success of Machine Learning (ML) in practical applications. Computer vision, speech recognition and language translation have all seen a near human level performance. We expect, in the near future, most…

This paper presents an automated tool called Morphy for datamorphic testing. It classifies software test artefacts into test entities and test morphisms, which are mappings on testing entities. In addition to datamorphisms, metamorphisms…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-23 Hong Zhu , Ian Bayley , Dongmei Liu , Xiaoyu Zheng

Metamorphic testing (MT) alleviates the oracle problem by checking metamorphic relations (MRs) across multiple test executions. The fault detection effectiveness of MT is influenced not only by the choice and quality of MRs, but also by how…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Zenghui Zhou , Pak-Lok Poon , Zheng Zheng , Xiao-Yi Zhang

Regression testing is crucial in ensuring that pure code refactoring does not adversely affect existing software functionality, but it can be expensive, accounting for half the cost of software maintenance. Automated test case generation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Alejandra Duque-Torres , Claus Klammer , Dietmar Pfahl , Stefan Fischer , Rudolf Ramler

Machine learning may enable the automated generation of test oracles. We have characterized emerging research in this area through a systematic literature review examining oracle types, researcher goals, the ML techniques applied, how the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Afonso Fontes , Gregory Gay

Regression is one of the most commonly used statistical techniques. However, testing regression systems is a great challenge because of the absence of test oracle in general. In this paper, we show that Metamorphic Testing is an effective…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-24 Quang-Hung Luu , Man F. Lau , Sebastian P. H. Ng , Tsong Yueh Chen

In machine learning, supervised classifiers are used to obtain predictions for unlabeled data by inferring prediction functions using labeled data. Supervised classifiers are widely applied in domains such as computational biology,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Prashanta Saha , Upulee Kanewala

A unit test is a method for verifying the accuracy and the proper functioning of a portion of a program. This work consists to study the relation and the approaches to test Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) programs and to propose a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2009-12-21 Martin Levesque